Personal Statement Mental Health - 1571 Words

Melissa Mavure Personal Statement My passion and determination to undertake study within the mental health sector dwells from the insight I have been privileged to gain in my current role as a link care coordinator, working with people who suffer from a range of ailments within the mental health spectrum; from learning disabilities, Alzheimer’s, Dementia, OCD, Autism to name but a few. I am inspired to embark on this path because I want to gain an in depth understanding within the Learning Disability and Mental Health field for example professional aspects of care, biological basis for health and well being, identifying knowledge for nursing practice, origins and expressions of Mental Health and wellbeing, I want to be able to carry out the tasks of providing care and support for people with mental in capabilities, knowing that I am doing so with the full comprehension and grasp of what each patient needs. I am interested in the subject of mental health and learning disabilities nursing because both these subject areas are of importance to me both professionally and personally. Having been born in Zimbabwe where mental health is not taken seriously or as an important issue and being raised in the UK were I have come to gain some understanding and realization on the matter of mental health, I am greatly affected when I notice how far this country has come within its education and grasp of mental illness as well as social inclusion to those with mental health issues, asShow MoreRelatedPersonal Statement : Mental Health Counselor772 Words   |  4 PagesAs a mental health counselor in training, I look forward to continuing the process of being aware of my own beliefs and biases. I also recognize that I am human and anticipate some life issues presented by clients will present challenges that I encounter. 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Boeing Case Study Free Essays

string(102) " parts would result in additional downsizing, and less new hiring of union members \(Maynard, 1996\)\." Introduction Faced with a downturn in the commercial aircraft business and reduced military spending, The Boeing Company was forced to downsize approximately 55,000 people over a five-year period. The company’s management, organized labor, the local community, multiple levels of government, and community colleges collectively worked together to develop Reemployment Centers to assist in the transition of their specialized workforce into alternative forms of employment. The following is a description of how The Boeing Company successfully completed this effort at downsizing. We will write a custom essay sample on Boeing Case Study or any similar topic only for you Order Now Downsizing is thought to be an effective human resources strategy to increase global competitiveness. Labor costs, generally one of the largest costs for most organizations can be reduced through downsizing. In many cases the downsizing process includes outsourcing or subcontracting jobs previously performed within the organization. Although organizations often consider downsizing necessary in order to remain competitive, this strategy does not always result in increased organizational profitability and performance. One recent survey conducted by the Society for Human Resource Management reported that only 26% of firms reported productivity improvements while 58% said that productivity was flat or had declined after downsizing (The Washington Post, 1996). In addition, the study found that approximately 54% of companies surveyed cut jobs in 1994 but only 25% expected any further downsizing. Whatever the future course of downsizing, many companies have utilized this business strategy to meet the demands and challenges of U. S. and global competition. Why Companies downsize One of the primary reason that downsizing occurs is that jobs are subcontracted out, both domestically and internationally, to reduce corporate overhead. The Boeing Company is no different than many other multinational enterprises. There are three reasons that most companies subcontract jobs. The first is to lower the total costs of production. This is accomplished by relocating jobs to lower cost wage regions, either domestically or internationally. The subcontracting of jobs internationally ot only lowers production costs, but also assists in gaining market share which is the second reason that many companies subcontract out component development. Sometimes firms are required by local content requirements to produce components locally. Other countries require production facilities in order to gain access to their market. For example, China and The Boeing Company celebrated 25 years of working together in June, 1996 (The Boeing News, 1996). Over the past few y ears, The Boeing Company has invested heavily in developing all areas of the aviation industry in China to the tune of $100 million U. S. dollars. This has been more than recouped by the gain in market share through purchases from the Chinese-owned and operated airlines. The most recent order alone from Air China was for $510 million for three B747-400 planes. A total of 47 jet aircraft have been purchased by China, making this a strong market for The Boeing Company. For the same reason, General Motors is increasing its overseas presence in Asia. It recently announced that its Opel unit could take over Peugot’s position as the non-Chinese partner in southern China’s automotive industry (Cox, 1996). GM is also awaiting approval from the Chinese government to build a plant in Guangzhou to supply engines for a plant that GM is building in Thailand. This second Chinese plant is in addition to the Shanghai plant which will begin producing Buick sedans in 1998. The third major reason for subcontracting of jobs is also driven by the desire to lower total production costs. Many countries will contribute to a company’s development costs in order to gain production plants and develop industries. In the case of The Boeing Company and Japan, the development costs for the 777 jet airliner were $5 billion. Japan contributed over $1 billion, or approximately 21% of the total costs of development, in order to have production plants located in their country. Given their skills of imitation and improvement, the government of Japan considers this relationship with Boeing the basis of future industrial development that will place Japan in the forefront of this Asian market. In addition to lower development costs, Boeing received increased orders from Japan Airlines and All Nippon Air. The lowering of development costs and the gain of global market share are sound reasons for subcontracting jobs internationally. However, there is always the danger that The Boeing Company, and other multinationals following the same strategy, are creating future competitors. Boeing is aware of the potential downside of this strategy but their drive to compete in the short-run against the European Consortium Airbus Industries has outweighed the potential downside risk. It is hoped that cooperative ventures among Asian countries and The Boeing Company will be the opportunity for the future. Consequences of Downsizing Issues related to downsizing due to outsourcing can have serious consequences. For example, in March 1996, 3,000 United Auto Workers (UAW) struck at the Dayton, Ohio, GM Delphi Chassis brake, bearing, and parts manufacturing plant over the loss of 120 potential jobs that GM wanted to outsource to the Bosch Company. Although Bosch’s headquarter’s are located in Germany, the parts would have been manufactured by U. S. workers in a Bosch plant in South Carolina. However, these U. S. workers in South Carolina are not unionized. Because of the strike at GM’s Dayton plant, 26 of GM’s 29 North American automotive plants are ultimately idled due to a lack of parts from the striking plant. As a result, 117,375 fellow UAW workers were out of work stemming from the outsourcing issue (Healey, 1996). It was the longest auto strike since the GM strike in 1970. It is interesting to note that the final agreement that was ratified by both GM and the UAW reflected no change from their previous agreement: GM can purchase parts from other manufacturers if it gives its own parts plants the opportunity to match the bids from outsource firms. In September 1996, General Motors again faced a strike, this time by the Canadian Auto Workers about concerns over subcontracting of jobs to nonunion firms. This subcontracting of parts would result in additional downsizing, and less new hiring of union members (Maynard, 1996). You read "Boeing Case Study" in category "Essay examples" GM refused to accept the pattern established by Chrysler and Ford in Canada that restricted their ability to outsource to cut costs. Chrysler also faced difficulties during labor-management negotiations in September 1996, after an announcement of its plan to invest $315 million in vehicle plants in Brazil and Argentina. The union was upset about the potential outsourcing of jobs and loss of job security (Heinzl, Christian, and Puchalsky, 1996). The strike by the International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers at The Boeing Company in the fall of 1995 was the result of two major issues: an industry downturn in aircraft orders, and subcontracting or job outsourcing. As subcontracting is more broadly implemented throughout the company, Boeing eventually plans to produce only 48% of its airplane’s components internally. Similar to GM, one of the company’s corporate goals is to have the freedom to subcontract work in low wage regions in the southern United States, Mexico, and Asia which threatens the job security of Boeings unionized workers. Now that the reasons for and the possible consequences of downsizing have been discussed, the planned design of Boeing’s successful downsizing of more than 55,000 employees can be described. This case study provides an example of how corporate downsizing can be achieved successfully through cooperative efforts and strong leadership among the various constituencies involved. Since the downsizing of almost 55,000 employees, The Boeing Company has not had one lawsuit filed against the company from any employees or their respective unions (Wetmore, 1996). The Downsizing At Boeing The Boeing Company, the city of Seattle, and the State of Washington were all very concerned about the impact of impending downsizing on Boeing workers as well as their communities. In a unique effort, representatives of the three entities worked together to supplement and support a program that addressed and is still addressing some of the negative effects of downsizing. Robert Reich, the former Secretary of Labor, along with Vice President Al Gore, heralded Boeing’s efforts as a successful method of integrating downsized workers into productive (i. e. non-minimum wage) jobs, and Boeing’s efforts have been held up as a model for organizations facing downsizing. The remainder of this paper reviews a brief case study of The Boeing Company’s efforts to address these issues. Boeing’s Reemployment Program In late 1989, the Boeing aircraft 747-400 was certified for use by commercial airlines. This was a large developmental effort that had consumed great amounts of resources during the late 1980s. At the completion of this project, however, it was clear to management that there was no future work for development team members. The airlines had essentially stopped ordering new airliners. In addition, the U. S. defense budget was taking severe cuts because of the collapse of the Soviet Union. The planning cycles for The Boeing company produced results that reflected the need to reduce several thousand employees over the next few years. Continuous reductions in Boeing’s workforce were necessary because of the declining business base and outsourcing contracts. In 1988, the WARN Act became effective which requires employers to give at least sixty days notice of impending layoffs to its employees. Boeing issued its first WARN notice in January 1990; layoffs were to begin in March 1990. The first and most important effort undertaken to mitigate any negative effects of this downsizing was the formation of the Employment Stability Board (ESB). The make-up of the ESB included the most senior executives of Boeing’s independent operating companies, as well as the senior functional officers for Engineering, Manufacturing, and Human Resources. These were individuals who could, and would, make decisions concerning redeployment of people across operating area boundaries, and even geological areas, if necessary. The Board met, and still continues to meet, on a monthly basis to make policy decisions concerning ground rules for any future downsizing the company may face. Previous reduction in the late 1960s were made with little coordination between operating areas. Horror stories abounded about one area laying off people while another area was hiring similarly skilled people. The ESB was determined not to see that happen again. The ESB met periodically with the unions representing the hourly and the engineering/technical employees in order to confirm the ESB’s desire to accomplish the reductions in the fairest possible manner. The ESB explored specific alternatives to downsizing. These included an early retirement leave of absence for those 53. years of age or more, a voluntary day off every second week, extended leaves of absence, loans of people to community agencies (educational and non-profit), increased use of part-time workers, and voluntary layoffs to save someone else’s job. Boeing also offered a one-time-only special retirement program that augments years of service and equivalent age to those over 55. Over 9,000 people accept ed this package. However, the number of employees who were, or soon would be without jobs was still very large. Design of the Reemployment Program The Boeing Reemployment Program (BRP)is a joint effort among business, labor, education, and government to provide dislocated Boeing workers a range of employment services on site. The concept arose from a joint Labor/Management Committee which was created in the wake of Boeing’s 1993 announcement that substantial downsizing would occur. To meet the numerous challenges and issues surrounding employee displacement, the Committee set out to coordinate the expertise and resources of The Boeing Company, unions, training institutions, and government agencies to provide outplacement and training/retraining opportunities for affected workers. The Committee itself was comprised of representatives of The Boeing Company, the International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers (IAM), the Seattle Professional Engineering Employees Association, the State Board for Community and Technical Colleges Consortium, the IAM/Boeing Quality Through Training Program (IAM/QTTP), and representatives of the Private Industry Councils of King, Pierce, and Snohomish Counties. Representatives of the Washington State Employment Security Department, which acts as program operator, and the U. S. Department of Labor’s Region X office were ex-officio members of the committee. The government provided state and federal grant moneys; Boeing provided outplacement staff, office space, utilities, and equipment. The union provided outreach and counseling to its members (Wetmore, 1996). The Committee’s overarching goal was to develop an overall strategic plan to effectively address employment and training needs for displaced Boeing Aerospace workers. Its purpose was to provide the best approach to facilitate workers’ transitions to other employment opportunities and minimize the impact on publicly funded programs. The broad mission statement adopted by the Committee is stated below: To develop an overall strategic plan to effectively address employment and training opportunities for displaced Boeing workers (AFL-CIO HRDI Report, 1997). Members of the Committee oversaw two geographically dispersed Boeing Reemployment Centers (BRCs) located in Everett and Renton, Washington, and a satellite center in a third county. This group was very innovative in developing the BRP. One example of a significant innovation was the committee’s decision to create â€Å"one-stop† reemployment centers where displaced workers could receive a wide array of traditionally geographically separated benefits. Some of the varied services provided at the BRCs were intake, assessment, testing, job counseling, job search assistance, unemployment insurance claims assistance, resume preparation, computerized career planning, faxes and telephones for job search, enrollment in training (community colleges, on-the-job training, or vocational schools), entrepreneurial training, job placement services, and support services such as including child care referrals. These were all available to displaced workers at no charge. Another innovation was the creation of a consortium of 17 colleges to work closely with the BRCs. The consortium facilitated program participants’ access to course registration and scheduling, financial assistance, and counseling services. The IAM/QTTP provides education assistance of $2,500 per year for up to three years for laid-off IAM represented workers. Peer counselors at each reemployment center were former Boeing employees who helped clients connect with services and did job placement. Their shared Boeing backgrounds made it easier for the unemployed workers to talk bout their problems (AFL-CIO HRDI Report, 1997) Funding of the Downsizing Effort The Committee investigated established reemployment programs across the nation to determine the best approach to take when developing its own program. After considerable research, the Committee decided to pursue a partnership approach to access federal funds to compliment funds contributed by Boeing and the IAM. A proposal was submitted to the U. S. Department of Labor for 10. 2 million to accommodate approximately 3,800 dislocated Boeing workers. The request was urgent, given that the available public and private funds were inadequate to address the needs of the large numbers of Boeing workers being dislocated in the 1990s. After reviewing the request, the U. S. Department of Labor awarded an immediate grant of $5 million and an option to request additional funding should this amount be inadequate for the needs of the displaced workers. Since the Washington State Employment Security Department was experienced at administering Job Training Partnership Act Title III funds, it was elected to receive the National Reserve Grant on behalf of the Labor/Management Committee. The department’s role was to administer and operate the program. The success of the program was acknowledged in September 1994, when the U. S. Department of Labor awarded an additional $5. 2 million to the program to assist additional laid-off workers in Washington State. The largest proportion of this additional funding was allocated for longer-term training and money was earmarked for supportive services such as child care and transportation (Wetmore, 1996). Additional funding received in April 1995 added another $4. 5 million to program funds – just in time to assist the 6,000 Boeing workers who were targeted for layoffs during 1995. The grant total of 14. 7 million allowed the program to operate through June of 1997 and no additional funding was requested from the government. This time period was adequate to complete the existing training programs. Results Between 1990 and 1995, Boeing reduced its labor force by 32. 2%. Of the approximately 55,000 affected workers, about 40% (22,000) were laid-off while normal attrition, voluntary early retirements, and sale of assets accounted for 60% (33,000). The reductions were fairly linear across the years, although the 1995 reduction was slightly higher due to the 9,000 people who opted for the One-Time-Only Special Retirement Program. From 1990-1993, more hourly workers were laid-off, but 1994-1995 saw more salaried workers leave. The percent of reduction in management was 33% which approximates the total employee reduction of 32. 2% over the five years. To clarify, the total reduction of 55,000 employees equated to approximately two line employees for every supervisory/managerial person. This ratio was consistent with Boeing’s total workforce composition. However, line employees were downsized earlier in the 1990s while most managers took VOLUNTARY reductions during the sweetened early-out offers (Crocker, 1996. ) Approximately 26,000 of these workers were from the Puget Sound area in Washington State. From the time the BRCs opened in 1993, more than 10,000 laid-off Boeing workers utilized BRP services. A total of 52 managers were loaned to various community non-profit and state government agencies for periods ranging from one to tow years. More han 3,100 workers entered retraining programs were offered. More than 300 participants were enrolled in basic skills and English-as-a-second language courses. To assist them in starting their own businesses, 450 participants were enrolled in entrepreneurial training programs. In mid-1996, the Wall Street Journal reported that 61 former employees started their own businesses, and only two failed. A conversation with executives of The Boeing Company in May 1996, increased this figure to 80 new business start-ups with only two failures (Wetmore, 1997). According to Boeing press releases: A used book store and a fishing bait shop are new enterprises reported to e flourishing under the ownership of former Boeing employees. Other start-up businesses range from a trucking firm to a barbecue restaurant, a jewelry store, an auto repair shop, and a manufacturer of wood chips for cooking and smoking foods. At this time, additional lay-offs are not expected, and outsourcing is not now viewed as the real contributor to Boeing’s downsizing — business downturns have been identified as the real cause. The unions were the group which actually initiated the request for government funding, based on the Dislocated Worker Program and Trade Act. The Trade Act has funds available for workers who lose jobs based on foreign competition. Initially, Boeing did support the workers’ argument that foreign competition led to the downsizing. The fact that Airbus Industries is a major competitor was not something that Boeing wanted to make public. However, after an independent assessment, the Department of Labor announced in April 1994 that Boeing’s laid off workers were eligible for these funds which were the impetus for the company’s reemployment program. Epilogue As of June 1998, most of the employees who were laid off have returned to work at Boeing. However, the interesting question is whether or not the recalled employees are now employed in jobs utilizing their newly acquired skills gained from the Boeing Reemployment Program. According to a 1996 survey conducted by the Washington State University (for the Washington State Employment Security Department), about fifty percent of the recalled employees are now in positions using these new skills. Initially, most of the workers returned to their old jobs due to contractual recall rights provided for in the union contract; however, many were quickly upgraded to new positions due to their broadened skill base. As a result of the 1997 merger with McDonnell-Douglas Corporation in a $16. 3 billion acquisition, potential layoffs have been announced as the 60,000 M-D employees are merged with Boeing. While employee attrition is expected to account for most of the downsizing activity, some areas may require small-scale layoffs. The announcement of future shutdown of M-D product lines in Long Beach, California may result in additional downsizing. In Puget Sound, Boeing’s high production rates will require a stable workforce through the end of 1998. The â€Å"original players† that made up the Boeing Labor Management Committee continue to meet quarterly monitoring the potential for any downsizing activity and to be prepared for a rapid response to any layoff activity. Consequences of Downsizing: Leadership Lessons Learned In a recent interview with a member of the Labor Management Committee the following lessons have been learned from the Boeing downsizing experience: Program Lessons * Earlier involvement with local, state, and federal agencies through ongoing communication. Boeing and the involved unions taking leadership roles to guide development and operation of intervention services. The high degree of success of establishing one-stop centers and demonstrating that partnership between private business and public sector agencies can be highly effective. There are currently five one-stop centers operated by public sector agencies in Puget Sound. These centers will be key in any future Boeing downsizing activities. Fede ral agencies in Southern California have been in contact with the Puget Sound Labor Management Committee members for information and assistance in setting up a partnership to respond to downsizing activity. Leadership Lessons The role of a strong Labor Management Committee is essential. The membership needs to represent all the stakeholders both public and private sectors. The committee needs to provide leadership and direction. * A strong Program leader that understands the value of partnership and has communication skills to maintain open communications and coordination with all members of the partnership. * Each organization’s executive management must be willing to work together and be committed to change. * Effective leadership is open to innovative solutions to problems. How to cite Boeing Case Study, Free Case study samples

Change Effort Competition and Survive

Question: Discuss about theChange Effort for Competition and Survive. Answer: Introduction: Every business hopes to run in the long race of competition and survive it. But that is only possible if it bring changes in the organisation at least once during its lifetime. These change efforts can be determined under many headings like reengineering, restructuring, total quality management, turnarounds, and cultural change. For this the organisation needs to have the change effort introduced in the business which will make it more coping with the challenges of the business (Guo and Wang, 2015). These changes prove to be successful in some cases and an utter failure for some. But most of them fall towards failure side. IBM has conducted a study on the companies who failed in the change effort process and the reason behind their failure. In this essay, the reasons and the nature of change effort failure along with the recommendations to bring success in change effort are discussed (Howsawi et al., 2014). Each organisation planning to introduce changes in their organisation first plans a strategy and then implements the changes required by the organisation. Still, there are many examples of organisations that failed in the attempt of bringing change in their organisation. The various reasons for a failure of effort change are explored here. The first reason is lack of communication or failure of management to communicate exactly what are the changes and how they are supposed to look like. Incomplete knowledge or information will never give the desired result to the organisation. The second reason is a part of communication. People having different agendas may take the communicated message regarding the change in their own way. Hence, the effort required for the change is also as per their understanding. Some employees may feel threatened by the change, or the change may affect their ego or self-interest. Some may feel that they are totally alienated from the change. This may again act as a hindrance for the successful outcome of the change effort (Johnson, 2011). The third reason for the failure of change effort can be insensitivity. Many people cannot accept change easily. The ultimate aim of an organisation is to earn a profit and for that changes becomes necessary but the employees of an organisation may like the change or not, and that depends on person to person. Fourthly, it is managements duty to create an atmosphere so that employees can easily adjust to the changes, but most of the time organisations management fails to do that. This makes people feel alienated, and they do not perform the way they are expected to (Klein, 2016). The next reason for the failure of change effort is the poor planning. Changing directions of an organisations working process require foresight. If any changes are done in an organisation without proper planning, then the result is eventually failure. The sixth reason for the failure can be a lack of commitment. Introducing cha nge in an organisation requires hundred percent commitment from the management as well as from the employees for making it a success. Finally, the success of a change requires proper processes, which is necessary for the implementation of the change. Therefore, if the process is poor, then the result will also be poor (Pieterse, Caniels and Homan, 2012). Few examples of the failure of change effort are discussed here. A company called Borders founded in 1971 by Tom and Louis Border was the biggest bookseller in the 1990s. The company was on its top when it took some missteps (Newby, 2010). The company planned an aggressive expansion of the companys retail footprints which left it with long-term leases that later took the company to bankruptcy. Second, the change in the sales channel to internet sales through a deal with Amazon, and through their own website which came much later in the picture. Next, it decided to support an e-reader Kobo but were not able to give sufficient support. All this unplanned and badly processed decisions of Borders led the company to total bankruptcy, which also did not help it a lot (Johnson, 2011). Another example of the change effort failure is of a well-known company Kodak. Kodak was founded in 1888; soon it created a monopoly in the camera and film developing market. To continue the monopoly in the ma rket, Kodak has to consider changes as the time progressed. It didnt adopt the changes at the right time. In 1990, when Polaroid was taking a huge gain in the market, Kodak also decided to change its strategy and entered the instant photography market. This proved to be the wrong change that the company decided to make. The Polaroid Company sued the Kodak for stealing their technology and selling it in their own name. It also becomes unattached with its customers and smaller companies took over the market and Kodak came to an end (Pandit, 2014). Leavitt offered a new theory for the success of the change efforts in an organisation. This theory was known as the change diamond that was a combination of four different interactive components of an organisation. According to Leavitts theory, the four components that are people, structure, task, and technology determine the fate of an organisation regarding the change effort. He says that if there is any change in any one component then all the other components will also be affected. Thus, if any one component is changed then all the other components are also needed to be tweaked to adjust as per the change (Lunenburg, 2012). According to the change diamond the employees are the people of an organisation. Their skills, efficiency, knowledge, and productivity, are considered as their main initiative. If there is a change in the task, then training the employees becomes necessary to make them familiar with the change. If their job structure is getting changed, then proper information about new responsibilities and duties should be conveyed to them. In the same way, if any, changes are being brought up in the technology, and then an extensive training is required so that the employees can efficiently handle the new technology (Hornstein, 2015). A task in an organisation refers to the achievement of the goals of the organisation and by doing that these goals are being achieved. The focus should be on the qualitative aspects of the goals and tasks. If there is a change in the man power, then the task and goals should also be redefined so that an organisation could use the skills and knowledge of its people to the optimum. Change in hierarchy structure requires a change in the tasks and goals. If there is a split or merge of a department, then the company cannot continue with the same goals and task. Introducing a new technology also requires a change in tasks and goals to cover the cost of the new technology (Edmondson, 2011). The structure of an organisation includes the hierarchy, communication pattern, and coordination in all the levels of an organisation. Also, the flow of authority is also included in the structure. If more skilled and qualified manpower is being hired in an organisation, then the hierarchical needs will also change. There will be less amount of supervision required. If a company changes their set of goals, for example, a new customer support department will be required in an organisation if they change their retail department to customer centric. This will bring a change in the structure of the company. When a company introduces a new technology like computerisation or automation, then requirement new staff may be required, and old post may need to be closed (Decker and Durand, 2016). Technology is the component that helps people in performing their tasks easily. LAN lines, computers, software applications, etc. all come under technology. If there is a change in the other components of the Leavitts diamond, then technology also has to be changed. Like, if a company is hiring a computer expert then the company also has to provide a computer to use its skills up to the maximum limit. If a company is going computerised then, the tasks and goals will also change as different processes need to be added in the tasks. The technology reduces the workload of a man. Thus, the requirement of manpower also decreases. But, advance technology needs advance technicians to run them, which opens new posts in the company. Thus, this leads to a change in the hierarchy of the company (Grills et al., 2016). For the success of the change effort, it becomes necessary for the organisation to make sure that all the components of the organisation are getting the right amount of focus, and planning. If they all are in sync with the change, then only change effort can lead to success of the organisation (Grills et al., 2016). An organisation has an ultimate goal that is to earn a profit, but with the changing demands, and an introduction of new technologies by the competitors it becomes necessary for the organisation to adopt and introduce changes. IBMs study regarding the failure of change efforts and its reason is a good step towards the success of the change effort, as the future of the organisation lies in the change. It becomes very necessary for an organisation to adopt changes at the right time and also in the right way that it helps the company to grow and claim its market share in the industry better than before. It is true that the failure ratio is a bit high, than the success ratio when an organisation goes for the change effort. But if an organisation plans and then follows the plan according to the organisational demand then it will definitely lead to success of the company. Hence, it can be concluded that for the successful change effort all the different components of the organisation are n eed to be focused (Guo and Wang, 2015). References Grills, N., Varghese, J., Hughes, N., Jolly, T. and Kumar, R. (2016). The success of the Uttarakhand Cluster: a case study of organisational change towards disability inclusive development.BMC Health Services Research, 16(1). Guo, Y. and Wang, C. (2015). Effects of organisational culture on post-implementation success of ERP systems: a case study.International Journal of Information Systems and Change Management, 7(3), p.203. Howsawi, E., Eager, D., Bagia, R. and Niebecker, K. (2014). The four-level project success framework: application and assessment.Organisational Project Management, 1(1), p.1. Johnson, D. (2011).2 Big Companies That Missed The Opportunity To Adapt To New Technology. [online] Business Insider. Available at: https://www.businessinsider.com/overcome-by-change-the-failure-of-two-companies-to-seize-the-initiative-and-master-oncoming-change-2011-11?IR=T [Accessed 13 Aug. 2016]. Klein, L. (2016). Exploring the Organisational Collage of Memetic Paradigms for (a) Change A Research Note.Journal of Organisational Transformation Social Change, 13(1), pp.54-63. Newby, P. (2010). Accuracy, error, uncertainty-and thanks and organisational change.The Photogrammetric Record, 25(130), pp.101-104. Pandit, B. (2014).10 Businesses That Failed to Adapt. [online] Business Pundit. Available at: https://www.businesspundit.com/10-businesses-that-failed-to-adapt/3/ [Accessed 13 Aug. 2016]. Decker, and Durand, (2016).Predicting Implementation Failure in Organization Change. [online] www.questia.com. Available at: https://Predicting Implementation Failure in Organization Change [Accessed 16 Aug. 2016]. Edmondson, A. (2011).Strategies for Learning from Failure. [online] Harvard Business Review. Available at: https://hbr.org/2011/04/strategies-for-learning-from-failure [Accessed 16 Aug. 2016]. Hornstein, H. (2015). The integration of project management and organizational change management is now a necessity.International Journal of Project Management, 33(2), pp.291-298. Lunenburg, F. (2012).Approaches to Managing Organizational Change. [online] https://www.nationalforum.com/. Available at: https://www.nationalforum.com/Electronic%20Journal%20Volumes/Lunenburg,%20Fred%20C%20Approaches%20to%20Managing %20Organizational%20Change%20IJSAID%20v12%20n1%202010.pdf [Accessed 16 Aug. 2016]. Pieterse, J., Caniels, M. and Homan, T. (2012). Professional discourses and resistance to change.Journal of OrgChange Mgmt, 25(6), pp.798-818.

Wildlife by La Dispute free essay sample

La Disputes 2011 album, Wildlife, depicts a young mans personal, survival-of-the-fittest-esque struggle as he descends upon a downward spiraling path of self-discovery and learning how to deal with the dark sides of life. The tracks on Wildlife are an assortment of hysterical monologues, deeply personal poems and letters- set to music. With prolific lyrics, layered guitar and bass, and an overall acrimony that will force chills down your spine, the boys of La Dispute have produced rhapsody in the form of an album- for lovers of music and literature alike. It is easy to find solace in Jordan Dreyer, lead vocalists, resplendent tonality, and surprisingly, this rings truest to his more harrowing contributions as the albums frontman. Just listening to earth-shattering tracks such as the didactic King Park, I See Everything, and Edward Benz, 27 Times, Dreyers take on stories that he was told by real people about true events, will leave you ruminative and with somewhat of a bitter taste in your mouth- in the best possible way. We will write a custom essay sample on Wildlife by La Dispute or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page One of the most important parts of Wildlife is the level of intimacy brought out by the fact that Dreyer remains able to stay ardent in his performance no matter how tremulous and emotional he allows himself to be- you are never under the impression that he is just some angst-filled kid. Even on much more close-to-heart tracks, such as a Poem, a Letter, a Broken Jar, and a Departure, which may at first strike listeners as self-pitying represent much deeper meanings and have a thoughtful sort of contumaciousness to them that I have never found in any other songs. By addressing the reader directly with an incendiary honesty, Dreyer allows himself to connect with the listener in a manner that I have never experienced before listening to La Dispute. The overall flagrance of Wildlife is sure to leave your jaw unhinged, and silently praying that the question, Will their next release really be so propitious? will have only alleviating answers. My only worry is that Wildlife will be their hardest work to top, since despite the fact that La Disputes whole discography is brilliant, the outdid themselves with Wildlife by a landslide. How can they duplicate the genius, spasmodic vocals, and the inventive instrumentation that brought such temperament to them? Knowing La Dispute, the most philosophical band Ive ever been graced the opportunity to listen to, theyll pull through with an even more magnificent work of art next time around.

Colloquial Does Not Have to Equate with Ignorant

Colloquial Does Not Have to Equate with Ignorant Colloquial Does Not Have to Equate with Ignorant Colloquial Does Not Have to Equate with Ignorant By Maeve Maddox Ive written more than one post criticizing non-standard usage on television and will probably write more. A frequent opinion among the wonderful readers who take the time to comment is that I may have unreasonable expectations regarding the use of standard English on television. One recent comment especially gave me pause: the misuse of pronouns is valid because that’s how people speak. It would sound odd to most people’s ears if a ‘normal’ character in a show spoke correctly rather than with the colloquialisms and oddities that have become intrinsic to spoken English. Can this be true? Is there some kind of automatic disconnect between correct speech and colloquial speech? I dont think so. Colloquial speech is informal, but it is not of necessity ungrammatical. Trying to define such terms as colloquialism is always dangerous, especially nowadays when anti-authoritarianism is the dominant philosophy. I think most of us would probably agree with these definitions of colloquialism: an expression considered more appropriate to familiar conversation than to formal speech or to formal writing Websters Unabridged Dictionary [words or expressions] characteristic of or only appropriate for ordinary, familiar or informal conversation rather than formal speech or writing. Wikipedia Its not always easy to distinguish between colloquialisms, regionalisms, and slang. For example: Yall is a common expression in regional dialects, but it can also be considered a colloquialism since it is universally understood by most English speakers. Catch you later may be slang, but if we continue to use it, it will be a colloquialism. Me and my mother went to the cabin that summer is just bad English. We can relax our speech without trashing conventional grammatical structure. I grant you that To whom do you wish to speak? sounds stilted, but My mother and I went to the cabin that summer sounds, wellnormal. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:45 Synonyms for â€Å"Food†Comma Before ButTreatment of Words That Include â€Å"Self†

What Is Transcendentalism Understanding the Movement

What Is Transcendentalism Understanding the Movement SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Confused about transcendentalism? You’re not alone! Transcendentalism is a movement that many people developed over a long period of time, and as a result, its complexity can make it hard to understand. That’s where we come in. Read this article to learn a simple but complete transcendentalism definition, key transcendentalist beliefs, an overview of the movement's history, key players, and examples of transcendentalist works. By the end, you’ll have all the information you need to write about or discuss the transcendentalist movement. What Is Transcendentalism? It’s all about spirituality. Transcendentalism is a philosophy that began in the mid-19th century and whose founding members included Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau. It centers around the belief that spirituality cannot be achieved through reason and rationalism, but instead through self-reflection and intuition. In other words, transcendentalists believe spirituality isn’t something you can explain; it’s something you feel. A transcendentalist would argue that going for a walk in a beautiful place would be a much more spiritual experience than reading a religious text. The transcendentalism movement arose as a resultof a reaction to Unitarianism as well as the Age of Reason. Both centered on reason as the main source of knowledge, but transcendentalists rejected that notion. Some of the transcendentalist beliefs are: Humans are inherently good Society and its institutions such as organized religion and politics are corrupting. Instead of being part of them, humans should strive to be independent and self-reliant Spirituality should come from the self, not organized religion Insight and experience are more important than logic Nature is beautiful, should be deeply appreciated, and shouldn’t be altered by humans Major Transcendentalist Values The transcendentalist movement encompassed many beliefs, but these all fit into their three main values of individualism, idealism, and the divinity of nature. Individualism Perhaps the most important transcendentalist value was the importance of the individual. They saw the individual as pure, and they believed that society and its institutions corrupted this purity. Transcendentalists highly valued the concept of thinking for oneself and believed people were best when they were independent and could think for themselves. Only then could individuals come together and form ideal communities. Idealism The focus on idealism comes from Romanticism, a slightly earlier movement. Instead of valuing logic and learned knowledge as many educated people at the time did, transcendentalists placed great importance on imagination, intuition and creativity. They saw the values of the Age of Reason as controlling and confining, and they wanted to bring back a more â€Å"ideal† and enjoyable way of living. Divinity of Nature Transcendentalists didn’t believe in organized religion, but they were very spiritual. Instead of believing in the divinity of religious figures, they saw nature as sacred and divine. They believed it was crucial for humans to have a close relationship with nature, the same way religious leaders preach about the importance of having a close relationship with God. Transcendentalists saw nature as perfect as it was; humans shouldn’t try to change or improve it. History of the Transcendentalist Movement What’s the history of transcendentalism? Here’s an overview of the movement, covering its beginning, height, and eventual decline. Origins While people had begun discussing ideas related to transcendentalism since the early 1800s, the movement itself has its origins in 1830s New England, specifically Massachusetts. Unitarianism was the major religion in the area, and it emphasized spirituality and enlightenment through logic, knowledge, and rationality. Young men studying Unitarianism who disagreed with these beliefs began to meet informally. Unitarianism was a particularly large part of life at Harvard University, where many of the first transcendentalists attended school. In September 1836, Ralph Waldo Emerson organized the first meeting of what would later be called the Transcendental Club. Together the group discussed frustrations of Unitarianism and their main beliefs, drawing on ideas from Romanticism, German philosophers, and the Hindu spiritual texts the Upanishads. The transcendentalists begin to publish writings on their beliefs, beginning with Emerson’s essay â€Å"Nature.† Height The Transcendental Club continued to meet regularly, drawing in new members, and key figures, particularly Emerson and Henry David Thoreau, published numerous essays to further spread transcendentalist beliefs. In 1840, the journal The Dial was created for transcendentalists to publish their works. Utopia communities, such as Brook Farm and Fruitlands attempted to make transcendentalism a complete lifestyle. Decline By the end of the 1840s, many key transcendentalists had begun to move onto other pursuits, and the movement declined. This decline was further hastened by the untimely death of Margaret Fuller, one of the leading transcendentalists and cofounder of The Dial. While there was a smaller second wave of transcendentalism during this time, the brief resurgence couldn’t bring back the popularity the movement had enjoyed the previous decade, and transcendentalism gradually faded from public discourse, although people still certainly share the movement’s beliefs. Even recently, movies such as The Dead Poets Society and The Lion King express transcendentalist beliefs such as the importance of independent thinking, self-reliance, and enjoying the moment. Key Figures in the Transcendentalist Movement At its height, many people supported the beliefs of transcendentalism, and numerous well-known names from the 19th century have been associated with the movement. Below are five key transcendentalists. Ralph Waldo Emerson Emerson is the key figure in transcendentalism. He brought together many of the original transcendentalists, and his writings form the foundation of many of the movement’s beliefs. The day before he published his essay â€Å"Nature† he invited a group of his friends to join the â€Å"Transcendental Club† a meeting of like-minded individuals to discuss their beliefs. He continued to host club meetings, write essays, and give speeches to promote transcendentalism. Some of his most important transcendentalist essays include â€Å"The Over-Soul,† â€Å"Self-Reliance,† â€Å"The American Scholar† and â€Å"Divinity School Address.† Henry David Thoreau The second-most important transcendentalist, Thoreau was a friend of Emerson’s who is best known for his book Walden. Walden is focused on the benefits of individualism, simple living and close contact with and observation of nature. Thoreau also frequently opposed the government and its actions, most notably in his essay â€Å"Civil Disobedience.† Margaret Fuller Margaret Fuller was perhaps the leading female transcendentalist. A well-known journalist and ardent supporter of women’s rights, she helped cofound The Dial, the key transcendentalist journal, with Emerson, which helped cement her place in the movement and spread the ideas of transcendentalism to a wider audience. An essay she wrote for the journal was later published as the book Woman in the Nineteenth Century, one of the earliest feminist works in the United States. She believed in the importance of the individual, but often felt that other transcendentalists, namely Emerson, focused too much on individualism at the expense of social reform. Amos Bronson Alcott A friend of Emerson’s, Alcott (father of Little Women’s Louisa May Alcott), was an educator known for his innovative ways of teaching and correcting students. He wrote numerous pieces on transcendentalism, but the quality of his writing was such that most were unpublishable. A noted abolitionist, he refused to pay his poll tax to protest President Tyler’s annexation of Texas as a slave territory. This incident inspired Thoreau to do a similar protest, which led to him writing the essay â€Å"Civil Disobedience.† Frederic Henry Hedge Frederic Henry Hedge met Emerson when both were students at Harvard Divinity School. Hedge was studying to become a Unitarian minister, and he had already spent several years studying music and literature in Germany. Emerson invited him to join the first meeting of the Transcendental Club (originally called Hedge’s Club, after him), and he attended meetings for several years. He wrote some of the earliest pieces later categorized as Transcendentalist works, but he later became somewhat alienated from the group and refused to write pieces for The Dial. George Ripley Like Hedge, Ripley was also a Unitarian minister and founding member of the Transcendental Club. He founded the Utopian community Brook Farm based on major Transcendentalist beliefs. Brook Farm residents would work the farm (whichever jobs they found most appealing) and use their leisure time to pursue activities they enjoyed, such as dancing, music, games, and reading. However, the farm was never able to do well financially, and the experiment ended after just a few years. Criticisms of Transcendentalism From its start, transcendentalism attracted numerous critics for its nontraditional, and sometimes outright alien, ideas. Many transcendentalists were seen as outcasts, and many journals refused to publish works written by them. Below are some of the most common criticisms. Spirituality Over Organized Religion For most people, the most shocking aspect of transcendentalism was that it promoted individual spirituality over churches and other aspects of organized religion. Religion was the cornerstone of many people’s lives at this time, and any movement that told them it was corrupting and to give it up would have been unfathomable to many. Over-Reliance on Independence Many people, even some transcendentalists like Margaret Fuller, felt that transcendentalism at times ignored the importance of community bonds and over-emphasized the need to rely on no one but one’s self, to the point of irresponsibility and destructiveness. Some people believe that Herman Melville’s book Moby Dick was written as a critique of complete reliance on independence. In the novel, the character Ahab eschews nearly all bonds of camaraderie and is focused solely on his goal of destroying the white whale. This eventually leads to his death. Margaret Fuller also felt that transcendentalism could be more supportive of community initiatives to better the lives of others, such as by advocating for women’s and children’s rights. Abstract Values Have a hard time understanding what transcendentalists really wanted? So did a lot of people, and it made them view the movement as nothing more than a bunch of dreamers who enjoyed criticizing traditional values but weren’t sure what they themselves wanted. Edgar Allen Poe accused the movement of promoting â€Å"obscurity for obscurity's sake.† Unrealistic Utopian Ideals Some people viewed the transcendentalists’ focus on enjoying life and maximizing their leisure time as hopelessly naive and idealistic. Criticism frequently focused on the Utopian communities some transcendentalists created to promote communal living and the balance of work and labor. Nathaniel Hawthorne, who stayed at the Brook Farm communal living experiment, disliked his experience so much that he wrote an entire novel, The Blithedale Romance, criticizing the concept and transcendentalist beliefs in general. Major Transcendentalist Works Many transcendentalists were prolific writers, and examples abound of transcendentalism quotes, essays, books, and more. Below are four examples of transcendentalist works, as well as which of the transcendentalist beliefs they support. â€Å"Self-Reliance† by Ralph Waldo Emerson Emerson wrote this essay in 1841 to share his views on the issue of, you guessed it, self-reliance. Throughout the essay he discusses the importance of individuality and how people must avoid the temptation to conform to society at the expense of their true selves. It also contains the excellent line â€Å"A foolish consistency is the hobgoblin of little minds, adored by little statesmen and philosophers and divines.† There are three main ways Emerson says people should practice self-reliance is through non-conformity (â€Å"A man must consider what a blindman's-bluff is this game of conformity†), solitude over society (â€Å"the great man is he who in the midst of the crowd keeps with perfect sweetness the independence of solitude†), and spirituality that is found in one’s own self (â€Å"The relations of the soul to the divine spirit are so pure, that it is profane to seek to interpose helps†). Self-reliance and an emphasis on the individual over community is a core belief of transcendentalism, and this essay was key in developing that view. Leaves of Grass by Walt Whitman Published in 1855, the first edition of Leaves of Grass included 12 untitled poems. Whitman was a fan of Emerson’s and was thrilled when the latter highly praised his work. The poems contain many transcendentalism beliefs, including an appreciation of nature, individualism, and spirituality. A key example is the poem later titled â€Å"Song of Myself† which begins with the line â€Å"I celebrate myself† and goes on to extoll the benefits of the individual â€Å"Welcome is every organ and attribute of me†, the enjoyment of nature (â€Å"The sniff of green leaves and dry leaves, and of the shore and dark colored sea-rocks, and of hay in the barn†), the goodness of humans (â€Å"You shall possess the good of the earth and sun†), and the connections all humans share (â€Å"For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you†). â€Å"The Summer Rain† by Henry David Thoreau This transcendentalism poem, like many of Thoreau’s works, focuses on the beauty and simplicity of nature. Published in 1849, the poem describes the narrator’s delight at being in a meadow during a rainstorm. The poem frequently mentions the enjoyment that observing nature can bring, and there are many descriptions of the meadow such as, â€Å"A clover tuft is pillow for my head/And violets quite overtop my shoes.†But Thoreau also makes a point to show that he believes nature is more enjoyable and a better place to learn from than intellectual pursuits like reading and studying. He begins the poem with this verse: â€Å"My books I'd fain cast off, I cannot read/'Twixt every page my thoughts go stray at large/Down in the meadow, where is richer feed,/And will not mind to hit their proper targe† and continues later on with â€Å"Here while I lie beneath this walnut bough,/What care I for the Greeks or for Troy town,/If juster battles are enacted now/Between the ants upon this hummock’s crown?† He makes clear that he is comparing works of Shakespeare and Homer to the joys of nature, and he finds nature the better and more enjoyable way to learn. This is in line with Transcendentalist beliefs that insight and experience are more rewarding than book learning. â€Å"What Is Beauty?† by Lydia Maria Child Lydia Maria Child, a women’s rights activist and abolitionist, wrote this essay, which was published in The Dial in 1843. The essay discusses what constitutes beauty and how we can appreciate beauty. It frequently references the transcendentalist theme that intuition and insight are more important than knowledge for understanding when something is beautiful, such as in the line â€Å"Beauty is felt, not seen by the understanding.† All the knowledge in the world can’t explain why we see certain things as beautiful; we simply know that they are. Summary: Transcendentalism Definition What’s a good transcendentalism definition? Transcendentalism is a philosophical movement centered around spirituality that was popular in the mid-19th century. Key transcendentalism beliefs were that humans are inherently good but can be corrupted by society and institutions, insight and experience and more important than logic, spirituality should come from the self, not organized religion, and nature is beautiful and should be respected. The transcendentalist movement reached its height in the 1830s and 1840s and included many well-known people, most notably Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau. Transcendentalists wrote widely, and by reading their works you can get a better sense of the movement and its core beliefs. What's Next? Taking the AP Literature exam? Check out our ultimate guide to the AP English Literature testandour list of AP Literature practice tests. No matter what you're reading, it's important to understand literary devices. Here are 31 literary devices you should know. There's a lot of imagery in transcendentalism poems and other writings. Learn everything you need to know about imagery by reading our guide.

Is it sometimes necessary to sacrafice a few freedoms to protect Essay

Is it sometimes necessary to sacrafice a few freedoms to protect national security and to ensure the long-term viability of civil liberty - Essay Example Internal security involves protecting the United States citizens against internal threats like organized crimes. This involves with issues which are domestic (Watson, 2008). Civil liberty is the right for the United State citizens to enjoy their rights. These rights include the right for privacy, right to speech, protection and to be treated fairly. It is the right of every citizen in the United States to enjoy their civil liberty. This paper looks at the issue of sacrificing a few freedoms to protect national security, both the internal and external security and to ensure the long term viability of civil rights. It looks at which freedom can be sacrificed and to what extent the government should affect civil rights. It also looks at the importance of making these sacrifices. The paper also looks at instances where the civil rights are violated so to emphasis on the importance of the government to ensure that it does not cross the limit. These instances include unlawful detentions and torture. National security consist of a number of elements, it consist of the social and political stability which ensures that there harmony in a state. It also consist of territorial security of a state where in protects its borders against external invasion. This also consists of economic freedom where there is a free market for investors to operate in freely. Finally, this should consist of peace with externals. This is where a state ensures that it good relations with other countries. This is to be able to protect the state’s interests in those countries. The national security ensures the safety of citizens from threats. The national security includes the internal security which protects citizens from internal threats and the external security which protects citizens. Internal threats include things to do with economic sabotage through activities like smuggling, money laundering and counterfeiting. Issue concerned with organized crimes can also be a major

Dont Expect Job Data Alone to Persuade Fed on Rates Article

Dont Expect Job Data Alone to Persuade Fed on Rates - Article Example The short-term unemployment rate or the proportion of people remained jobless for 15 weeks has declined to 3.1 percent; however, this figure is still higher than the figure of the prerecession period. One more important consideration is labor's share of income in the nonfinancial corporate sector, which is measured by the Bureau of Labor Statistics each quarter. For comparison, it should be noted that the labor's share of income has remained between 61 and 66 percent right from 1950 through the early 2000s; that is currently ruling at 57.1 percent – much below 60 percent registered in 2005. Thus, Yellen is more concerned with the people who have fallen behind. Lower interest rate helps boost demand because consumers tend to spend more rather than saving or holding it. Moreover, the cost of borrowing is low helping businesses to invest and create employment; lower mortgage helps spur growth in construction because the interest burden on home buyers is minimal. In short, lower interest rate helps increase aggregate demand within the economy that in turn, boosts business activities reducing prevailing unemployment rates and that is what the Fed is attempting to do. In view of this, it is clear that until the job market improves on all parameters –unemployment rates and the labor’s share of income, there is a little scope of the interest rates getting revised upwards by the Fed. The Fed would like to observe the job market data for several quarters to come before making any upward revision of interest rates.

Banking Industry Essay Example for Free

Banking Industry Essay The Banking Industry was once a simple and reliable business that took deposits from investors at a lower interest rate and loaned it out to borrowers at a higher rate. However deregulation and technology led to a revolution in the Banking Industry that saw it transformed. Banks have become global industrial powerhouses that have created ever more complex products that use risk and securitisation in models that only PhD students can understand. Through technology development, banking services have become available 24 hours a day, 365 days a week, through ATMs, at online bankings, and in electronically enabled exchanges where everything from stocks to currency futures contracts can be traded . The Banking Industry at its core provides access to credit. In the lenders case, this includes access to their own savings and investments, and interest payments on those amounts. In the case of borrowers, it includes access to loans for the creditworthy, at a competitive interest rate. Banking services include transactional services, such as verification of account details, account balance details and the transfer of funds, as well as advisory services, that help individuals and institutions to properly plan and manage their finances. Online banking channels have become key in the last 10 years. The collapse of the Banking Industry in the Financial Crisis, however, means that some of the more extreme risk-taking and complex securitisation activities that banks increasingly engaged in since 2000 will be limited and carefully watched, to ensure that there is not another banking system meltdown in the future. Mortgage banking has been encompassing for the publicity or promotion of the various mortgage loans to investors as well as individuals in the mortgage business. Online banking services has developed the banking practices easier worldwide. Banking in the small business sector plays an important role. Find various banking services available for small businesses. Management Management in all business and organizational activities is the act of getting people together to accomplish desired goals andobjectives using available resources efficiently and effectively. Management comprises planning, organizing, staffing, leading or directing, and controlling an organization (a group of one or more people or entities) or effort for the purpose of accomplishing a goal.Resourcing encompasses the deployment and manipulation of human resources, financial resources, technological resources, andnatural resources. Since organizations can be viewed as systems, management can also be defined as human action, including design, to facilitate the production of useful outcomes from a system. This view opens the opportunity to manage oneself, a prerequisite to attempting to manage others. Basic functions Management operates through various functions, often classified as planning, organizing, staffing, leading/directing, controlling/monitoring and motivation. * Planning: Deciding what needs to happen in the future (today, next week, next month, next year, over the next five years, etc.) and generating plans for action. * Organizing: (Implementation)pattern of relationships among workers, making optimum use of the resources required to enable the successful carrying out of plans. * Staffing: Job analysis, recruitment and hiring for appropriate jobs. * Leading/directing: Determining what must be done in a situation and getting people to do it. * Controlling/monitoring: Checking progress against plans. * Motivation: Motivation is also a kind of basic function of management, because without motivation, employees cannot work effectively. If motivation does not take place in an organization, then employees may not contribute to the other functions (which are usually set by top-level management). Basic roles * Interpersonal: roles that involve coordination and interaction with employees. * Informational: roles that involve handling, sharing, and analyzing information. * Decisional: roles that require decision-making. Management skills * Political: used to build a power base and establish connections. * Conceptual: used to analyze complex situations. * Interpersonal: used to communicate, motivate, mentor and delegate. * Diagnostic: ability to visualize most appropriate response to a situation. * Technical: Expertise in ones particular functional area.. Business Ethics Business ethics (also corporate ethics) is a form of applied ethics or professional ethics that examines ethical principles and moral or ethical problems that arise in a business environment. It applies to all aspects of business conduct and is relevant to the conduct of individuals and entire organizations. Business ethics has both normative and descriptive dimensions. As a corporate practice and a career specialization, the field is primarily normative. Academics attempting to understand business behavior employ descriptive methods. The range and quantity of business ethical issues reflects the interaction of profit-maximizing behavior with non-economic concerns. Interest in business ethics accelerated dramatically during the 1980s and 1990s, both within major corporations and within academia. For example, today most major corporations promote their commitment to non-economic values under headings such as ethics codes and social responsibility charters. Adam Smith said, People of the same trade seldom meet together, even for merriment and diversion, but the conversation ends in a conspiracy against the public, or in some contrivance to raise prices.[1] Governments use laws and regulations to point business behavior in what they perceive to be beneficial directions. Ethics implicitly regulates areas and details of behavior that lie beyond Business ethics reflects the philosophy of business, one of whose aims is to determine the fundamental purposes of a company. If a companys purpose is to maximize shareholder returns, then sacrificing profits to other concerns is a violation of its fiduciary responsibility. Corporate entities are legally considered as persons in USA and in most nations. The corporate persons are legally entitled to the rights and liabilities due to citizens as persons. Economist Milton Friedman writes that corporate executives responsibility generally will be to make as much money as possible while conforming to their basic rules of the society, both those embodied in law and those embodied in ethical custom Friedman also said, the only entities who can have responsibilities are individuals A business cannot have responsibilities. So the question is, do corporate executives, provided they stay within the law, have responsibilities in their business activities other than to make as much money for their stockholders as possible? And my answer to that is, no, they do not. A multi-country 2011 survey found support for this view among the informed public ranging from 30 to 80%. Duska views Friedmans argument as consequentialistrather than pragmatic, implying that unrestrained corporate freedom would benefit the most in long term. [ Similarly author business consultant Peter Drucker observed, There is neither a separate ethics of business nor is one needed, implying that standards of personal ethics cover all business situations. However, Peter Drucker in another instance observed that the ultimate responsibility of company directors is not to harm—primum non nocere. Another view of business is that it must exhibit corporate social responsibility (CSR): an umbrella term indicating that an ethical business must act as a responsible citizen of the communities in which it operates even at the cost of profits or other goals.In the US and most other nations corporate entities are legally treated as persons in some respects. For example, they can hold title to property, sue and be sued and are subject to taxation, although their free speech rights are limited. This can be interpreted to imply that they have independent ethical responsibilities. Duska argues that stakeholders have the right to expect a business to be ethical; if business has no ethical obligations, other institutions could make the same claim which would be counterproductive to the corporation. Ethical issues include the rights and duties between a company and its employees, suppliers, customers and neighbors, its fiduciaryresponsibility to its shareholders. Issues concerning relations between different companies include hostile take-overs and industrial espionage. Related issues include corporate governance;corporate social entrepreneurship; political contributions; legal issues such as the ethical debate over introducing a crime of corporate manslaughter; and the marketing of corporations ethics policies.According to IBE/ Ipsos MORI research published in late 2012, the three major areas of public concern regarding business ethics in Britain are executive pay, corporate tax avoidance and bribery and corruption.

Use of Tone to Create Mood in D.H. Lawrences The Rocking-Horse Winner

D. H. Lawrence uses tone to create a mood in his short story "The Rocking-Horse Winner." His ability to create tone allows us to understand the characters of the story, and enables us to actually feel as if we are in the story by creating such a vivid mood. Lawrence uses the eyes of the main character, Paul, to show how he feels about the events taking place, and this in turn helps the reader empathize with the boy and understand the story. Lawrence also establishes a theme by allowing the audience to feel his story. He creates a mood that is conducive to the story and allows the reader to experience what is going on inside the house. Through the use of tone and mood Lawrence creates the theme, allowing the reader to realize that there are much more important things in life than money. Lawrence uses the emotions of the main character of the story, Paul, to help the reader understand the child's mood. He uses Paul's eyes to help give the reader a feel for his disposition when different events in the story take place. The story begins with Paul receiving a rocking-horse for Christmas. The child becomes interested in horse races, and the gardener helps him to place a bet on one of the races. The child wins the bet and becomes very focused on betting at every race. When Paul realizes how much money that he is making with these bets, he soon becomes obsessed with not just horse racing, but the money that he brings in. The reason for this obsession stems from the feeling that there is never enough money in the house. Paul soon turns ill from the stress that he places on himself to win more money for his mother. A few days before Derby, a very important race that Paul has bet on, he is found rocking violen... ...ster, you're eighty thousand to the good, and a poor devil of a son to the bad. But, poor devil, poor devil, he's best gone out of a life where he rides his rocking-horse to find a winner" (Lawrence, 980). In this final sentence Lawrence conveys the idea that the mother has gained much money, but has lost her son. Within this sentence he also states that the son is better off dead than in this household where money is of greater importance than the ideals a family should display. Works Cited Juan, Jr., E. San. "Theme Versus Imitation: D.H. Lawrence's "The Rocking-Horse Winner"." The D.H. Lawrence Review. 136-140. Lawrence, D. H. "The Rocking-Horse Winner." The Tales of D.H. Lawrence. London: Martin Secker, 1934. 967-980. Martin, W.R. "Fancy or Imagination? "The Rocking Horse-Winner"." College English. 64-65.

Proposal for Innovation Day

Although there are many varieties of daikon, the most common in Japan, the aokubi-daikon, has the shape of a giant carrot, approximately 20 to 35 cm (8 to 14 in) long and 5 to 10 cm (2 to 4 in) in diameter. One of the most unusually shaped varieties of daikon cultivated in Kagoshima Prefecture is the turnip-shaped sakurajima daikon, which often grows as large as 50 cm (20 in) in diameter and weighs as much as 45 kg (100 lb)( Japan National Tourist Organization, 1975 p. 837). The flavour is generally rather mild compared to smaller radishes.Korean varieties are larger and rounder than the typical long, thin Japanese types and are often spicier. (Chronicle Books, 1999. p. 10) Radishes are moderately high in Vitamin C, carotene and contain properties that appear to be beneficial for symptoms of colds, flu, fever, cough, respiratory problems, and digestive disorders. Radishes also is a good appetizer, mouth and breathe freshener, laxative, regulates metabolism, improves blood circulation , is a good treatment for headache, acidity, constipation, whooping cough, gastric problems, gallbladder stones, dyspepsia etc.Radish is especially beneficial for liver and gallbladder functions. It regulates production and flow of bile and bilirubin, acids, enzymes and removes excess bilirubin from the blood, being a good detoxifier. It also contains enzymes like myrosinase, diastase, amylase and esterase. It protects liver and gallbladder from infections and ulcers and soothes them. [4] Laboratory analysis shows the juice of raw daikon is abundant in digestive enzymes ssimilar to the ones in the human digestive tract.These enzymes are diastase, amylase, and esterase, which are known to transform complex carbohydrates, fats and proteins into compounds that is easy to assimilate. Raw daikon is a staple of the Japanese diet; it is used to complement most meals. Shredded daikon is used with fish and tempura dishes, and helps those with a compromised digestive system. The scientists in Japan at Tokyo’s College of Pharmacy have discovered that daikon juice actually inhibits the formation of dangerous chemicals in the body.One such chemical nitrosamine, a type of carcinogen, can form in the stomach from the chemicals in both natural and processed foods. Daikon juice contains substances called â€Å"phenolic compounds,† which can block this dangerous reaction. [5] Kingdom| Plantae| Division| Angiosperms| Subdivision| Eudicots| Class| Rosids| Order| Brassicales | Family| Brassicaceae| Genus| Raphanus| Species| R. sativus| Vvariety| R. sativus var. longipinnatus[1]| Table 1 : Scientific classification of Raphanus sativus var. longipinnatus 2. Ananas comosus Figure 2-Ananas comosusAnanas comosus or pineapple is a tropical plant with edible multiple fruit consisting of coalesced berries [6] as it is commonly known as is the most economically significant plant in the Bromeliaceae family. [Coppens d'Eeckenbrugge, Geo; Freddy Leal (2003)] Pineapples may be cu ltivated from a crown cutting of the fruit, possibly flowering in 20–24 months and fruiting in the following six month. [8][9] Raw pineapple is an excellent source of manganese and vitamin C, containing 44% and 58% of them per 100g respectively.Bromelain purified from pineapple stem or juice, has a wide vvariety of health benefits, and that many of these benefits may not be related to the different enzymes found in this extract. Excessive inflammation, excessive coagulation of the blood and certain types of tumor growth may all be reduced by therapeutic doses of bromelain when taken as a dietary supplement. Potentially important chemical differences appear to exist between extracts obtained from the stem versus the core fruit. However, the practical relevance of these differences is not presently understood.Although healthcare practitioners have reported improved digestion in their patients with an increase in pineapple as their â€Å"fruit of choice† within a meal pla n, we haven't seen published studies that document specific changes in digestion following consumption of the fruit (versus supplementation with the purified extract). [10] Bromelain also works to neutralize fluids to ensure that they are not too acidic. It also helps regulate the secretions in the pancreas to aid in digestion. Apart from that, since bromelain has protein-digesting properties, it can keep the digestive track healthy.

Music Appreciation Essay

Sound – any sensation that is perceived by the aural senses. – Physically, sound is vibrational, mechanical energy that moves through matter (usually air) as a wave. The Hearing Process – Vibration, resonation, transmission, reception, interpretation, music appears. Pitch – relative highness or lowness of a sound, speed of vibration. Tone – a sound that has a definite pitch. Interval – the distance in pitch between any two tones, ex: half step. Accent – emphasis on a certain tone. Tone Color/Timbre – quality of sound that distinguishes on instrument or voice from another. – timbre contrast, one instrument vs. another. Dynamics- Associated Terms – Degrees of loudness or soften in music: Pianissimo (pp) – very soft Piano (p) – soft Mezzopiano (mp) – moderately soft Mezzoforte (mf) – moderately loud Forte (f) – loud Fortissimo (ff) – very loud Crescendo – gradually get louder Decrescendo – gradually get softer Chordophones – make their sound when a stretched string vibrates. – there is usually something they makes the sound reverberate such as the body of a guitar or violin. – the strings are set into motion by either plucking, strumming or by rubbing with a bow. Membranophones – Any musical instrument that produces sound primarily by the way of a vibrating stretched membrane. Ex: timpani Roto toms non-pitched drums snare drum (S. Dr.) tenor drum (T. Dr.) field drum (F. Dr.) bass drum (B. Dr.) Tom-Toms Bongos Timbales (Timb.) Conga Drums Tambourine Idiophones – Ex: Marima Crotales Steel Drums Cymbals (cym.) Suspended Symbol Hi-Hat Finger Symbols Triangle (trgl.) Anvil (anv.) Cowbells Tam-Tam (t.t) and other Gongs Sleigh Bells (sl.b.) Bell Tree (bl.t.) Brake Drum (br. dr.) Thunder sheet (th. sh.) Rachet (rach) Wood Blocks (w.bl.) Temple Blocks (t.bl.) Claves (clav.) Castanets (cast.) Maracas (mrcs.) Guiro Whip (wh) Aerophones – any musical instrument that produce sound primarily by causing a body of air to vibrate. 1st class: where the vibrating is not contained in the instrument itself. Ex: Harmonica 2nd class: where vibrating air is contained by the instrument. Ex: Flute Identify Basic String Instruments – Violin Viola Cello Double Bass Renaissance Lute/Music Dulcimer The Koto-Koto Music The Sitar Identify Basic (Wood)Wind Instruments – Piccolo Flute Clarinet Bass clarinet Oboe English horn Bassoon Identify Basic Percussion Instruments – Timpani Xylophone Snare drum Bass drum Cymbais Identify Basic Keyboard Instruments – Piano Pipe organ Harpsichord Notation/Identify Basic Symbols Staff/Identify Lines and Spaces Time Signature Meter-7,6,5,4,3,2 Downbeat Tied vs dotted rhythms Syncopation Tempo Metronome Arpeggio Half-Step Whole-Step Texture Polyphony Monophonic Homophonic Heterophonic Counterpoint Key Major vs minor vs chromatic scales Key Signature Modulation/Key Change Chord/Progression Harmony Consonance Dissonance Dominant Chord Tonic Chord Sub Dominant Chord Musical Form/Ternary/Binary Phrase/Antecedent/Consequent Cadence Melody/Theme Must Be Prepared to Write Scales and A Chord Progression I –IV-V-I on the staff. Be prepared to insert the Minor chord. Four flats or sharps is the max. . Must be prepared to identify musical instruments and the families they belong to.

Slavery, Reparation and Restorative Justice

Slavery, Reparation and Restorative Justice 1. Background Barely two hundred years ago, slavery was common and accepted in the countries of Europe as well as in North America. The hunting ground was, in an overwhelming majority of cases, the African continent. White slave traders, sometimes helped by local Africans, plundered the land for men and women, who were taken away in captivity to work on among other places, plantations, farms and town building projects for white masters in North America, the Caribbean islands and other European colonies. Slavery and its attendant evils rank right at the top of the list on the worst horrors perpetrated by humankind. There are many who believe that the enormity of the crime outweighs the Jewish holocaust and the dropping of the atom bomb. The only comparable evil the world has seen is the persecution of women, the causes of which, however, are very different. The abolition of slavery took place over the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, from most parts of the world. The 1815 Declaration Relative to the Universal Abolition of the Slave Trade 6 (the 1815 Declaration) was the first international instrument to condemn it. The abolitionist movement began as an effort to stop the Atlantic slave trade and to free slaves in the colonies of European countries and in the United States. A large number of agreements dating from the early nineteenth century, both multilateral and bilateral, contain provisions prohibiting such practices in times of war and peace. It has been estimated that between 1815 and 1957 some 300 international agreements were implemented to suppress slavery. (Weissbrodt Dottridge, 2002, p. 3) Greater interest has naturally been taken in American slavery for it was far more extensive and lasted longer. There were many thousands of slave holding families in the US at the time of the civil war. The abolition of slavery divided American society right down the middle and culminated in a great civil war in which thousands of Americans lost their lives. Slavery has been defined as the status or condition of a person over whom any or all of the powers attaching to the right of ownership are exercised (Weissbrodt Dottridge, 2002, p. 4). Tragically, this ownership included the prerogative to behave violently with one’s slaves and it can be said with certainty that the history of slavery in the US would not have been so much of a slur on the white people but for the continuous and horrific violence perpetrated upon the slaves by their white masters. Even after the formal abolition of slavery, violence continued and even escalated against African-Americans in the US. Lynching, an extreme form of mob violence which took its’ cue from vigilantism and found easy acceptance, was used with telling effect. From the 1880s mob violence reflected white Americas contempt for African-Americans and mob violence became the means of asserting white dominance. African-Americans suffered grievously under lynch law. In addition to lynching of individuals, race riots with blacks as victims happened with periodic ferocity. Furthermore, mobs used especially sadistic tactics when blacks were the prime targets. By the 1890s lynchers increasingly employed burning, torture, and dismemberment to prolong suffering and excite a festive atmosphere among the killers and onlookers. White families brought small children to watch, newspapers carried notices, railroad agents sold excursion tickets to lynching sites, and mobs cut off black victims’ fingers, toes, ears, or genitalia as souvenirs.(About Lynching, Pg 1) Incredible as it may appear, extreme forms of violence against African-Americans was commonplace even a century ago and it is easy to understand the emotional scars and disturbed psyches of the Africans and the African Americans. For most whites slavery is little more than an unpleasant memory of a time gone by. For many Africans and African Americans, however, it remains a festering wound that is kept raw by feelings of oppression and discrimination. In recent times, there has been much talk of reparation and social justice to recompense for these crimes and to integrate African-Americans with the peoples of the world, to enable them to take their place as people of dignity and respect. The basic argument is clear as rainwater: Slavery was a crime as horrible as any imaginable. People were tortured, enslaved, and unfairly deprived of the fruits of their labor. They were denied the right to hand down any appreciable assets. And their descendants, who were promised freedom and forty acres, were lynched, segregated, discriminated against, and, in virtually every way, excluded from enjoying the full fruits of freedom, They never got their land. And they only recently have been given the opportunity to earn anything approximating fair compensation. Hence a debt is owed. (Cose, 2004) My background as a criminologist and my origins from an ex-slave country prompted me to take up research in the subject area. A number of informative books and articles on the issue, some of which are listed in the bibliography, were available for reference and catalyzed my decision to research the area under discussion in depth. I hope this effort will throw further light on this grievous period of history and enable a deeper understanding of the anguish felt by the millions who have been scarred by these happenings. 2. Definition of Research Question The vastness of the subject and the scale of the work, already investigated and published in the area, pre-empts the possibility of general research being of specific use. It is essential to establish a particular focus in the area of slavery and reparation. Violence, physical and emotional, being an intrinsic and important element of the slavery experience, continues to dominate the minds and play upon the psyches of the African-Americans and descendants of erstwhile slaves in other parts of the world. It is thus necessary to try to focus on the best means of reparation, which will largely redress these past hurts and injustices. There have been many cases of emotional reparation in the recent past concerning people who have been hurt by other communities. The British Prime Minister, Tony Blair, apologized to the Irish for the potato famine in the nineteenth century. Pope John Paul II did the same for the Churchs treatment of heretics during the Inquisition. Australia continues to apologize for its treatment of the aborigines. In the US, President Clinton has apologized to Hawaiians for the overthrow of their Queen a century ago. Apologies and reparations have been given to the Japanese- Americans, who were placed under detention after Pearl Harbor. In this context, what sort of reparation will be relevant for the African- Americans in the US? Martin Luther King gave an interview to Playboy magazine in 1965, during the course of which he said, Can any fair-minded citizen deny that the Negro has been deprived? Few people reflect that, for two centuries, the Negro was enslaved and robbed of any wages potential accrued wealth which would have been the legacy of his descendants. All of Americas wealth today could not adequately compensate its Negroes for his centuries of exploitation and humiliation. (Cose, 2004) Others feel that an apology for slavery is mindless mush. Slavery finally is not something where a simple apology makes any sense. Those who advocate a formal apology believe that such a step would have an ameliorating effect upon race relations, but many others sharply disagree. Professor Thomas Sewell writes, First of all, slavery is not something like stepping on someones toe accidentally, where you can say excuse me. If the people who actually enslaved their fellow human beings were alive today, hanging would be too good for them. If an apology would make no sense coming from those who were personally guilty, what sense does it make for someone else to apologize today?' (Parker, 2000, p. 18) The Research Question can thus be defined as follows: What will be the most suitable form of emotional and material reparation which will alleviate the traumas being faced by descendants of slaves and achieve a significant disconnect with the history of violence embedded in their psyches? Along with this, two subsidiary questions will need to be investigated. Who should be responsible for giving the reparation, citizens, companies or state? How will the reparation be used to benefit the sufferers? Education, benefits, status?† 3. Research Methodology The Research Methodology will necessarily focus on the study and analysis of the origin, consolidation, propagation and abolition of slavery in the US, the regions where its practice was prevalent and the companies, communities and individuals who have benefited most from the practice. The harm inflicted on the African-American community will need to be investigated with respect to numbers affected and atrocities committed, pre and post the abolition of slavery. While it is an accepted fact that documented records of atrocities are incomplete to a great extent, the available material, interpreted properly should also throw up some relevant insights into the issue. The research assignment will also need to focus on the reparation being demanded and being given internationally to other affected communities, namely the Jews of Europe, the Indians in the US, the Irish in the UK, the other castes in India and the aboriginals in Australia as well as recent international thoughts and agreements on the issue. There is substantial literature available on the subject, some of which have been listed in the bibliography. Statistical data is available from state records for perusal and analysis. It is also proposed to take interviews with a number of people (at least a hundred) with connections ancestral connections to slavery, descendants of slaveholders and slaves. These interviews will necessarily have structured questions, most of which will be open-ended to facilitate qualitative answers. Too many problems are not expected in the assignment, as a significant amount of data will be available from printed literature and governmental archives. Interviews with white and Afro-American respondents will need a certain amount of search and co-ordination but co-operation should be forthcoming, especially after they are informed of the purpose of the research. Standard project monitoring tools and simple software will ensure the meeting of planned completion targets and scheduled presentation of the thesis.