Megacities in Asia - Tokyo Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Megacities in Asia - Tokyo - Assignment Example This meant building high rise buildings to offer office space for increased business. Though this was faced with frequent cases on sunshine rights, the government was able to move the communities out of the city to suburbs by buying the land in central Tokyo (Sorensen 2003, p527). The rapid growing population meant more commutes per day. The government developed subways, overpasses and wide roads across the city to ease transport. As busy as the city is, traffic was a major factor. The solution to this problem was an understanding between the government, developers and the general public on the need to develop the city. Any chance of creating pace in Tokyo is deemed important since there is more demand for offices and residential houses. The model used in Tokyo can be applied in other cities in Asia. This is because sacrifice is inevitable for development. However, this should be done in consultation with stakeholders to avoid conflicts between developers and the public. Asian cities are marred by poor urban planning that lead to chaos in terms of traffic and residential

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS - Essay Example This company from China which is Venetian, Macao-Resort-Hotel specifically wants to enter in the tourism Industry in Greece. Prior to its market entry in the country, there is a need to understand the whole thing about business environment especially on Greece’s tourism industry. This is to take into consideration better understanding of the line of businesses to be implemented in the tourism industry in Greece. This is also to further understand things that are necessary to be done prior to the actual market entry. In particular, there is a promising area for hotels and other related businesses in Greece’s tourism industry. This is one important idea that can be substantially considered in line with the consideration on what business to be conducted in Greece. In order to analyse this situation further, it is important to conduct some assessment and cultural evaluation, political considerations, social aspects and other related business-related environmental concerns. A. Business system and cultural conditions in Greece The first part of this report is about the analysis of the national business system and cultural conditions in Greece. This is in line with knowing the probable impacts of national business and cultural system in Greece on the future success of Venetian, Macao-Resort-Hotel in the country. ... The world has slowly been integrated by globalisation and especially it is heading forward to creating one important business culture for all. This is evident by how everyone is influenced by the effect of media that try to substantiate the impact of information technology. Information technology is an important tool everyday because it influences decision, planning and any other decision-making process (Vlahos and Ferratt, 1995). In many parts of Greece internet-based tourism services are widely spread (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2002). This is an indication that tourism industry has become sophisticated and there is a strong link between information technology and marketing system for tourism industry. In fact, travellers nowadays got to choose different packages in order to enjoy various destination of choice at the most convenient way of placing bookings online such as hotel reservation and other related travel activities. This is made possible becaus e of online convenience in conducting business online especially in Greece, a developed country where many travellers come and go to their destination of choice. This is a clear identification of the fact that there is a strong involvement of technology in conducting business in Greece particularly in its tourism industry. In 2000 tourism in Greece was regarded an important component of its economy due to its substantial contribution of 7% of the gross domestic product (Chatziathanassiou et al., 2004). This is a positive indication of a booming tourism industry in Greece in which such has provided positive outcome in creating identity for Greece as one of the most wonderful

Firewalls and Intrusion Detection Systems

Firewalls and Intrusion Detection Systems Ardeliza Lansang Technologies for Intrusion Detection   Ã‚   Prompt: Both firewalls and intrusion detection systems are used to monitor network traffic and implement network security policies. Research these technologies and determine how they are similar and how they differ. Are both needed? Explain your answer in a short paper. (SNHU. n.d.) BRIEF INTRODUCTION: Technology has enhanced our functional lives by providing us with innovations (e.g., stationary and portable devices). It has also developed various modes of communications (e.g., VOiP, video conferencing, email, SMS). These advancements have allowed individuals and business the ability to remain connected with one another continuously and globally, regardless of time and space. Concurrently, the digital or information age has also produced serious network concerns and threats. The prevalent problems range from phishing, scamming, cyber-bullying to network services disruption (such as DoS, or denial of service), information or identity theft and information sabotage. Cyber or Internet crimes have resulted in diminishing or halting productivity. They have also caused victims to suffer physical, mental, emotional and financial loss. To counter ominous risks, various software and hardware products have been manufactured to prevent and combat unauthorized access to the network systems. Implementing the necessary security measures can eliminate or decrease the ongoing vulnerability to cyber violations. In addition to having a stable security infrastructure, it is crucial to raise awareness of any threats among users and to remind them of their responsibilities toward maintaining security or how to work against malicious activities (e.g., secure password, keeping software and the OS current, safeguarding sensitive information, etc.) FIREWALL: A firewall is a hardware or a software (or a combination of both) that sits between a LAN and the Internet. Acting as a barrier between a trusted and an untrusted network, its main function is to filter traffic in a networked environment by blocking unauthorized or harmful activities and permitting authorized communications. By monitoring the incoming and outgoing network traffic, a firewall is fundamentally the first line of peripheral defense against any intrusions.   (Bradley.) A firewall not only enhances the security of a host or a network but also protects and shields the applications, services, and machines that are attached to the network system. By checking data packets, it allows nonthreats to pass through. Conversely, it either drops, erases, denies or returns threats to the sender. (Sherman.) Types of firewalls: Packet filters: Packet filtering is the process of allowing or preventing packets at a network interface by checking destination port number source and destination addresses, and/or protocols. In a software firewall, a packet filter program examines the header of each packet based on a specific set of rules and is either passed (called ACCEPT) or prevented (called DROP). (TechTarget.com.) Stateful inspection This firewall technology (also referred to known as dynamic packet filtering, monitors the state of active connections. Based on this information and by analyzing packets down to the application layer, it determines which network packets to permit passage through the firewall. It monitors and tracks communications packets over a length of time. (TechTarget.com.) Proxys: Proxy firewalls, in combination with stateful inspection firewall perform deep application inspections (e.g., layer 7 protocols such as HTTP, FTP). Unlike stateful firewalls which cannot inspect application layer traffic, proxys can prevent an HTTP-based attack. This process is achieved by making the firewall act as a proxy, i.e., after the client opens a connection to the firewall, the firewall opens a separate connection to the server on behalf of the client (without the clients knowledge). (TechTarget.com.) Benefits of firewall: Protects against routing-based attacks Controls access to systems Ensures privacy Drawbacks of firewall: Difficult to configure Possibility of blocking nonthreats or useful services Could allow back door attack (via modem access) No antivirus protection Possible performance problems (or, cause potential bottleneck) Security tends to be concentrated in a single spot INTRUSION DETECTION SYSTEMS (IDS): An IDS can also be software- or hardware-based, such as a separate computer, that monitors network activity in a single computer, or a specific network or multiple networks within a WAN. It attempts to identify and evaluate a suspected intrusion once it has occurred by signaling an alarm and trying to stop it. It is akin to a smoke detector that raises an alarm at the signs of threat. (Pfleeger and Pfleeger.) It oversees traffic by identifying patterns of activity and comparing the information to attacks that are already listed in the IDS database. For example, detected anomalies are compared with normal levels, i.e., a high level of or a spike in packet size or activity could mean a hacking attack. The technology is typically use to enforce corporate policy and are not configured to drop, delete or deny traffic. It primarily generates warning signals or alarms. (Sherman.) IDS can be network based or host based: NIDS (Network Intrusion Detection Systems), which are placed at a strategic point or points within the network, oversee inbound and outbound traffic among all devices on the network. In this system, anti-threat software is installed only at specific servers that interface between the external environment and the internal network. (TechTarget.com.) HIDS (Host Intrusion Detection Systems), which are conducted on individual hosts or devices on the network, monitor the incoming and outgoing packets from the device only and will signal an alert when suspicious activity is identified.   In this system, anti-threat applications (e.g., firewalls, antivirus and spyware-detection software) are installed on every computer connected to the network system and that has access to the Internet. (TechTarget.com.) Benefits of IDS: Enables the detection of external hackers and internal network-based attacks Can be scaled easily, providing protection for the entire network Accommodates in-depth defense Allows an additional layer of protection Drawbacks of IDS: Produces false reports (positives and negatives) Acknowledges attacks but does not prevent them Expensive to implement, requiring full-time monitoring and highly-skilled staff Requires a complex event-response process Unable to monitor traffic at higher transmission rates Produces a tremendous amount of data to be analyzed Vulnerable to low and slow attacks Cannot deal with encrypted network traffic CONCLUSION: Both firewall and IDS complement one another. While a firewall limits network access to prevent intrusions or watches out for intrusions to prevent them from occurring, it does not signal an attack from inside the network the way an IDS does. While a firewall can block traffic or connection, IDS cannot. It can only alert any intrusion attempts. It monitors attacks and evaluates intrusions that are specifically designed to be overlooked by a firewalls filtering rules. A firewall is analogous to a security guards or personnel at the gate and an IDS device is a security camera after the gate. Another analogy that can be used is that a firewall is akin to installing locks on doors to prevent intrusion; IDS is installing security systems with alarms. (TechTarget.com.) References Barbish, J. J. (n.d.). Chapter 29. Firewalls. Retrieved on March 6, 2017 from https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/firewalls.html Bradley, T. (August 21, 2016). Introduction to Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS). Retrieved on March 6, 2017 from https://www.lifewire.com/introduction-to-intrusion-detection-systems-ids-2486799 Difference between Firewall and Intrusion Detection System. (n.d.). Retrieved on March 10, 2017 from http://www.omnisecu.com/security/infrastructure-and-email-security/difference-between-firewall-and-intrusion-detection-system.php Firewall. (n.d.). Retrieved on March 10, 2017 from http://searchsecurity.techtarget.com/definition/firewall Firewalls. (n.d.). Retrieved on March 10, 2017 from http://csc.columbusstate.edu/summers/Research/NetworkSecurity/security/firewalls.htm Gattine, K. (n.d.). Types of firewalls: An introduction to firewalls. Retrieved on March 10, 2017 from http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/tutorial/Introduction-to-firewalls-Types-of-firewalls HIDS/NIDS (host intrusion detection systems and network intrusion detection systems). (n.d.). Retrieved on March 10, 2017 from http://searchsecurity.techtarget.com/definition/HIDS-NIDS IDS/IPS Pros and Cons. (n.d.). Retrieved on March 10, 2017 from   http://flylib.com/books/en/2.352.1.16/1/ Kurose, J. F., Ross, K. W. (2013). Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach, 6th Edition. [MBS Direct]. Retrieved from https://mbsdirect.vitalsource.com/#/books/9780133464641/ Pfleeger, C.P. and Pfleeger, S.L. (March 28, 2003). Security in Networks. .). Retrieved on March 10, 2017 from http://www.informit.com/articles/article.aspx?p=31339seqNum=5 Sherman, F.   (n.d.). The Differences between a Firewall and an Intrusion Detection System. Retrieved on March 10, 2017 from http://smallbusiness.chron.com/differences-between-firewall-intrusion-detection-system-62856.html Short Paper/Case Study Analysis Rubric. (n.d.). Retrieved on January 7, 2017 from https://bb.snhu.edu/webapps/blackboard/content/listContent.jsp?course_id=_107231_1content_id=_14552222_1

Passionate About Teaching Essay example -- Personal Narrative Educatio

Ending Statement Feminist and Critical Pedagogies I came back to graduate school last semester at the ripe-old age of 31, unsure of what I wanted to get out of it. I had spent a year in graduate studies in English at the University of Maine about six years earlier, but left because I wasn't ready to commit to an academic life. In the six years since I left Maine, my life had been anything but academic. For the first year or so, I "temped" at conventions and tradeshows, went on auditions and performed in regional theater. Then a friend of mine introduced me to her acting teacher, and I got involved in a two-year intensive acting program which forced me to look at myself and my life deeply (and luckily got me into therapy)! During that time I began a temp job at a small executive search firm where a few acting friends also worked. The job turned permanent and lasted over three years while I finished my acting program and began auditioning. Looking back now, I guess the problem was, once I finished class, I wasn't the same person who h ad originally gone out on auditions. I found myself reading books on writing (never acting) on my lunch breaks from the stifling office secretarial job. But people who asked about my life heard about my auditions and singing classes and wish to be on Broadway. I never looked at the fact that that wish was a very old, childhood wish which had slowly stopped giving me what it had for so long: something to dream about, aspire to. Something, I now admit, to make me interesting. The decision to leave it behind was painful (no one outside of "the business" could understand why I would want to leave behind such a glorious, exciting dream. Interestingly, all of my friends who were at various levels of s... ...at at least I now know that I need to teach--in some format, somewhere, and I need to apply what I've learned and continue to learn and question my own learning. But I can't decide if going on for a PhD is really what I want anymore. I always thought that was the mark of success. But I wonder if it will really allow me to work with the students I am most interested in helping. I am particularly interested in working with those who didn't get enough out of school but who decided to come back and give it another try, to see if they'd find something different this time around. I want to provide something different. I know I want to keep teaching and talking about teaching. I know I want to keep the hope that teaching writing is valuable and opens up possibilities for students who maybe thought they had none. Is that too naive? Maybe. But it seems like it's worth a try.

Oscar Wao: Domincan Irony

Question: The Gangster, unlike many of the men in the book, is friendly, and treats Beli like a woman. However, his action creates an irony in the book. Explain. Answer: Many of the man in the book have been rude toward the girls in the book. They thought that their action is the right thing to do, since they have the Dominican Pride. All they really cared about was their appearance as a muchacha figure, and did not care for the girls’ feeling or needs. When â€Å"gangster† steps in after Beli had a rough time with Jack who used her as nothing but as a toy; Beli starts to feel a feeling of love. Gangster treats her differently, buying her gifts, treating her to nice restaurants, and taking her out to places. He even opens his heart up and tells her, about the hardship and torment he is going through. Due to his actions, she realizes she loves him, since no man has ever appreciated her or opened up so much before in her life. His actions create an irony; and the actions differ from everything we have encountered about the Dominican Culture so far. However, the real irony kicks in as Beli realizes that gangster has a habit of disappearing for days or weeks on end without notice. When he comes back, she persists about where he has been, and about their marriage, however, gangster does not give her any answers back. When Gangster takes Beli out for a trip, to relax, Beli is extremely happy. During the trip, gangster tells Beli that he wants to be free, creating an ironic moment as he goes back and forth between a gentleman, and a muchacha. However, when she returns home she realizes that she is pregnant, and the reader anticipates for the dramatic irony that will be created, as soon as gangster makes his decision about sticking with being a gentleman and staying with Beli, or leave her and the baby, like the other Dominican men.

Living with My Parents vs. Living Independently

Living With My Parents vs. Living Independently I always thought that moving out of my parents’ house would be an exciting new start to life. Apparently nobody thought to explain to me how stressful and cost-consuming life really is outside the comfort of mommy and daddy’s embrace. Living with my parents and living independently differ exponentially, but living with my parents isn’t nearly as dreadful as I thought it to be as a teenager. The first upsetting difference between living alone rather than with my parents is the food.When I lived with my parents, it was easy to eat a healthy, home cooked meal and not have to worry about preparing it. It usually just appeared on the table as an alluring plate of deliciousness without having to lift a finger. On the other hand, trying to make a meal is much more complicated when living alone. The freezer is normally stocked full of microwavable foods that taste like plastic and the refrigerator maybe has some five-day-ol d milk.Gaining weight is easier than ever when the only cuisine available is fatty and nutritionally deficient. The second depressing part of living alone is the money, or more precisely, the lack thereof. When residing at my mom and dad’s house, wasting money on luxuries was the most exciting part. Not to mention my parents’ seemingly endless amount of money to help pay for anything and everything was always a plus. Saving money was even possible at the time. But now, living independently definitely has its drawbacks.How many bills can possibly come in one month? With barely enough money to pay the bills, how is a girl supposed to shop for anything other than frozen goodies and Ramen? And forget about trying to save any cash, rummaging through my coin jar has become my favorite new hobby. Furthermore, who knew that cleaning didn’t just magically happen? Coming home from work and school to a clean house was definitely a convenience, though it went unnoticed at t he time. I was previously unaware that so many things in the house could get dirty.The cleaning never stops! Piles of laundry lay scattered across the floor of the house because apparently not every house comes equipped with a washer and dryer! Living with my parents might have been intolerable at times, but it made life so much easier. Not having to worry about food, money, and cleaning probably doesn’t seem like a big deal to most people, but it’s definitely a luxury. I appreciate how easy and carefree life was while living with my parents because I now realize how arduous life can really be.

Start-to-Finish Ecology Research Paper Writing Guide

Start-to-Finish Ecology Research Paper Writing Guide An ecology research paper is academic writing based on an original scientific investigation on a particular ecological topic, analysis of gathered information, and interpretation of the research findings. Ecology research papers may focus on different aspects, such as biogeochemistry and ecosystem science, evolutionary patterns and processes, community ecology, organismal biology, population biology, and chemical ecology, and commonly researched areas, such as sustainability, conservation, and environment. Questions you should ask yourself before beginning the research paper investigation and writing process include: How do I begin the ecology research paper and what ecology topic do I choose? Where do I find information and what gaps exist in various ecology topics of interest? How do I formulate the research paper’s title and thesis statements? What form of scientific investigation do I need to use in my research paper and why? This ecology research paper writing guide provides a step-by-step analysis of tips that help you respond to the above questions. Regardless of the requirements that should be followed when writing an ecology research paper, the first important element entails deciding what to research and write about. Therefore, identifying an ecology research paper topic is an important first step in the writing process. Picking a Suitable Topic for Your Ecology Research Paper Writing Topics that disinterest you and those that may not be too challenging contribute to loss of enthusiasm and diminish the efforts you may put towards researching and putting the research paper together. Therefore, choose topics that interest and challenge you to improve your attitude towards the topic and the research process. The following steps are essential when selecting research topics in ecology. Brainstorm for ideas. Generate topic ideas by exploring the strong opinions you have on current environmental issues such as sustainability, conservation, and environment. Try to remember recent topics or information acquired recently that piqued your interest in topics such as community ecology, ecosystem science, or population biology, among other ecology research areas. Other ways of brainstorming for ideas entail exploring issues that you are interested in knowing about, gaps in the literature that you can fill, and class aspects that need in-depth research and analysis. Research general background information. Scan through ecology journals, articles, and books for an overview of the research topic. Reading general information on various topics allows you to see how ideas relate and the scope of topics. Key research words can be sourced from the read articles and books. Focus on the topic. Once you have selected a probable topic, ensure it is manageable and that it is not too broad or too narrow. If it is too broad like â€Å"the environment,† limit the topic by defining a geographical area, population, time frame, culture, or a specific discipline in ecology. For instance, you can limit the topic â€Å"environment† by geography by focusing on the environmental impacts of industrial production in Quanzhou, China. Define the topic as a research question. Formulate questions about the topic to develop clear ideas on how to amend the topic by limiting or broadening the scope. For instance, if the topic idea is sustainability, the research question could be, â€Å"How has sustainability practices enhanced ecological agriculture?† A focused research question would be, â€Å"How has sustainability practices enhanced ecological agriculture in Japan?† Thus, a suitable research topic would be â€Å"The role of sustainable practices in enhancing ecological agriculture: a case analysis of Japan’s agricultural system.† Viable ecology research paper topics are as follows: Assessing the Impacts of Human Activities on Communities and the Ecosystem Function Across Spatial Scales; Predicted and Actual Effects and Ramifications of Land-Use and Climate Change on Biodiversity in Agricultural Settings; A Systematic Review of the Role of Species’ Physiological Limits in Improving the Precision of Ecological Niche Models; Analysis of The Neuroethology of Learning and Memory in Honeybees and Bumble Bees; Assess the Factors that Affect Bee Health. Developing an Appropriate Thesis Statement for Your Ecology Research Paper Your research paper should have a strong thesis statement that articulates the unifying theme of your paper. Depending on your chosen topic, the thesis statement could present an argument, provoke different thoughts, or describe ideas. The thesis should define what the research is about and guide the intended audience through your ideas to help make sense of your paper. The statement will minimize possibilities of you engaging in disconnected thoughts likely to lose the readers’ interest. When creating a thesis statement: Write in point form the topic and main ideas that should be discussed. Free write the essential thoughts you have about your paper. Make connections between the major points of your paper and highlight causes, applications, and implications of your arguments. In this case, ask yourself why you are writing the research paper. Combine the above ideas into a sentence or two to come up with a thesis statement. The thesis statement should present a point of view that readers and other writers can agree or disagree with. Moreover, it should provide reasons for choosing specific viewpoints. Additional Tips for Creating a Good Thesis Statement. Begin the process with a question. As noted above, the answers you come up with from the question can become your thesis statement. For instance: Question: What are the benefits of climate controlled storage? Answer: A major benefit of climate controlled storage is that it maintains a consistent temperature and protects artifacts from extreme temperatures. Thus, the thesis statement can be, ‘Climate controlled storage units are important because they maintain a consistent temperature and protect artifacts from extreme temperatures.’ In addition, correlate your thesis statement to the type of research paper you are writing; that is, is your research argumentative, persuasive, or informative? The Structure of an Ecology Research Paper A scholarly research paper has six main sections, but the number of segments may vary depending on the topic, the purpose of the research paper, and its length. The sections include the title, the abstract, the introduction, the body, the conclusion, and the reference section. In most cases, the body section contains other sub-divisions such as methods, results, and discussion. Title of the Research Paper Different writing conventions have diverse requirements concerning how the title page of your research paper should appear. The common elements that cut across all conventions are the name of the author, the title of the research paper, and the assignment or the publication date. Abstract The abstract is a brief section of your research paper that describes your study, states its significant and major findings, and summarizes the major points. Although the section comes before the actual paper, it is appropriate to write it last. Introduction The introduction should occupy about 10% of your entire research paper. However, the length may vary depending on the topic and the availability of segments such as problem statement, the significance of the research, and objectives. Whether the noted segments are stand-alone elements of the introduction or not, you should include information about: The objective of the research; Background information on the study topic; The significance of the research topic and the paper to the intended audience; Thesis statement, purpose statement, and an outline of the paper. The introduction of a scientific research paper should also include a brief review of the relevant literature and state the hypotheses to be tested. Body This part of the research paper focuses on the study completely. The body should: Present relevant and current research that pertains to your ecology research topic. Provide evidence that supports your arguments objectively. Avoid drawing any conclusions regarding the research. The body section can be written in prose with each paragraph presenting new ideas or theme and supporting evidence. In such a case, the outline for the body is as follows: Paragraph 1: Main idea 1 Supporting evidence 1 Supporting evidence 2 Paragraph 2: Main idea 2 Supporting evidence 1 Supporting evidence 2 The noted outline can be used for all the major themes and ideas. Other elements that should be incorporated in the body paragraphs include: A topic sentence: the topic sentence in each paragraph should organize and encapsulate the entire ideas and content of the paragraph. The sentence should appear at the beginning of the paragraph. The questions you should ask yourself when writing the topic sentence include: What will the paragraph discuss? Why did I choose to include the information I have? Why is this paragraph essential to the context of my thesis statement and arguments? What point am I trying to make? If your topic sentence requires further elaboration, add one or two sentences that explain it. An introduction to your evidence. Research papers require students to incorporate evidence to support claims highlighted in the paragraphs and the research paper as a whole. The evidence may be in the form of quotes, figures, examples, and statistics. The evidence must be well integrated into the topic sentence, as well as your claim and opinions. In this case, you should ensure that the reader can transition from your opinions to evidence that supports your viewpoints. A concluding sentence. The concluding sentence acts as an element that reasserts how your paragraph contributes to the development of your claim and the research paper. It should also help in transitioning from the paragraph to the next. As noted earlier, some research papers are more elaborate and are based on the scientific method of inquiry. If your research paper is based on a purely scientific method of inquiry, your body section needs more than just paragraphs with topic sentences and supporting evidence. These types of research papers have other subsections, such as research methodology, results/findings, analysis, and discussion of findings. Research Methodology The research methodology section should elaborate the research design used to gather data for analysis. You should describe the methods and materials employed in detail to allow the reader to understand the basis of the stand and replicate the entire study where necessary. If the ecology research is based on human participants, describe your sampling process and data collection methods and procedures. Results/Findings This section of the research should highlight the main features of the gathered data. You should not provide a complete description of the details besides presenting data in tables and figures. However, some data cannot be presented in graphical forms, which implies that you can present the results in parenthesis. Discussion Interpret and evaluate the results presented in the earlier section critically. You need to compare your findings to your expectations and evaluate whether they agree with formulated hypotheses where applicable. Moreover, compare your findings with the results from similar studies in your chosen ecology topic. Respond to the research questions and draw conclusions. Conclusion The conclusion of your research paper should address your thesis statement by synthesizing the research presented in the paper. Summarize the main points of your research paper and findings of the study, as well as their implications and significance. A good conclusion should: Restate and not simply repeat your thesis statement; Offer summarized and synthesized findings of your research; State implications and recommendations for further study based on your study findings; Make sure not to introduce new content into the conclusion. Reference Section. The reference section highlights the literature cited. The references should be well articulated and in line with the appropriate formats as dictated by various writing conventions. Post Writing Tips from Our Writers to Polish Up Your Ecology Research Paper Proofreading your research paper is the major post writing activity you should engage in. You should review: Paragraph level issues, such as the sequencing of ideas, the presentation of topic sentences, the generalizations, the summaries, the use of transitions, and the presentation of evidence for your claims; Sentence level issues, such as the word choice, the sentence structure, the spelling, and the punctuation; Consistent use of a single system of documentation, appropriate citation of borrowed primary and secondary sources, and the accuracy of the works cited list. The proofreading should be done hours or days later to promote objectivity.

Free Essays on Stem Cell Research

Imagine you have a family member or friend sick. That person has a heart disease; it’s the muscle tissue in their heart. Wouldn’t you want every bit of help you could find to cure that person and make them healthy again? New studies with stem cell research show that this type of study may find cures for many diseases including transportation of healthy heart muscle cells. Recent reports on the isolation and successful culturing of the first human pluripotent stem cell lines have generated great excitement and have brought biomedical research to the edge of a new frontier. In order to understand the importance of this discovery as well as the related scientific, medical, and ethical issues, I need to first explain what stem cell research is and how it works. Stem cells can divide for indefinite periods in culture and to give rise to specialized cells. They are best described in the normal human development. Human development begins when a sperm fertilizes an egg and creates a single cell that has the potential to form an entire organism. This fertilized egg is totipotent, meaning that its potential is total. In the first hours after fertilization, this cell divides into identical totipotent cells. (show first picture) This means that either one of these cells, if placed into a woman's uterus, has the potential to develop into a fetus. In fact, identical twins develop when two totipotent cells separate and develop into two individual, genetically identical human beings. Approximately four days after fertilization and after several cycles of cell division, these totipotent cells begin to specialize, forming a hollow sphere of cells, called a blastocyst. The blastocyst has an outer layer of cells and inside the hollow sphere; there is a clu ster of cells called the inner cell mass. The outer layer of cells will go on to form the placenta and other supporting tissues needed for fetal development in the uterus. The inner cell mass ... Free Essays on Stem Cell Research Free Essays on Stem Cell Research Scientists have been disputing whether or not governmental funds should be assigned for Stem Cell Research, which goes against the Catholic Church’s teaching. Some people see this practice as revolutionary practice that may help our future generations in years to come, while others see it as an immoral and unethical practice. About 30 hours after a woman’s egg is fertilized, it begins to divide. There are 4 types of cells that are created after this division process; Totipotent, Blastocyst, Trophoblast, and Pluripotent make up the cells. What scientists see as a beneficial resource are the Pluripotent cells because when isolated, these cells unlimitedly divide, making them an abundant resource. Scientists say that if they can learn how to teach these cells to be part of certain tissues, they could be used for the treatment of disease or one day even regenerate organs for transplants. Also, scientists say that they may be used to test medical drugs, all for the benefit of humanity. Why does the Catholic Church view this as immoral if they can be used for the good of humanity? These cells are derived from human embryos, aborted fetuses, and even embryos of genetic clones, if possible. What’s wrong with taking these cell from these locations. In human embryos, they sometimes discard the unused ones, starting an issue of abortion. In aborted fetuses, there is not really an explanation. Scientists are taking cells from a dead baby. Cloning is just seen as an immoral practice itself, so to take cells from a cloned embryo is no better. So why can’t we just take cells from adults, and avoid all the fuss about this topic? Adult stem cells are seen as less versatile as embryonic ones. This means that because adult cells have been used and working for many years, we cannot change what happens in the human body. As for an embryo, they are still developing, allowing scientists to alter them in any way, shape, or form. Why ... Free Essays on Stem Cell Research Media Coverage â€Å"The mass media has played an integral, interactive role within scientific controversies generally and the stem cell debate specifically.† (Brossard 2003) â€Å"Not only does the media influence the attention of competing political actors, and the public but the media also powerfully shapes how policy issues related to science and technology controversy are identified, symbolized, and ultimately resolved.† (Brossard 2003) When the media controls the public opinion political decisions are decided keeping in mind the beliefs the media promotes. â€Å"Moreover, when a issue does appear in the media, it interests can define their stand as well as the alternatives available for discussion, then they have â€Å"framed† the situation in more winnable terms, delimitating the arguments the opposition can make and screening them off from participation.† (Brossard 2003) To frame an issue is to provide a storyline to the controversy, suggesting a particular stance. Who does the framing? There are many actors involved when an issue is framed. â€Å"United States media attention to biotechnology has been driven mostly by industrial and economic development of the technology, and coverage, has historically been overwhelmingly positive, emphasizing frames of scientific progress and economic prospect.† Other actors could include interest groups, politicians, doctors, lawyers, and celebrities, and more. Journalists too need to take the blame for framing because they tend to dramatize an issue to draw attention to the subject. They create protagonists and antagonist to further a storyline. Journalists pitted two groups against each other, scientists vs. religious leaders. â€Å"The first group is referenced as the advocates of scientific advancement and the second group is appointed moral guardians of society.† (Brossard 2003) Since this countries ideals arise from religion most people tend to side with the religious le... Free Essays on Stem Cell Research Imagine you have a family member or friend sick. That person has a heart disease; it’s the muscle tissue in their heart. Wouldn’t you want every bit of help you could find to cure that person and make them healthy again? New studies with stem cell research show that this type of study may find cures for many diseases including transportation of healthy heart muscle cells. Recent reports on the isolation and successful culturing of the first human pluripotent stem cell lines have generated great excitement and have brought biomedical research to the edge of a new frontier. In order to understand the importance of this discovery as well as the related scientific, medical, and ethical issues, I need to first explain what stem cell research is and how it works. Stem cells can divide for indefinite periods in culture and to give rise to specialized cells. They are best described in the normal human development. Human development begins when a sperm fertilizes an egg and creates a single cell that has the potential to form an entire organism. This fertilized egg is totipotent, meaning that its potential is total. In the first hours after fertilization, this cell divides into identical totipotent cells. (show first picture) This means that either one of these cells, if placed into a woman's uterus, has the potential to develop into a fetus. In fact, identical twins develop when two totipotent cells separate and develop into two individual, genetically identical human beings. Approximately four days after fertilization and after several cycles of cell division, these totipotent cells begin to specialize, forming a hollow sphere of cells, called a blastocyst. The blastocyst has an outer layer of cells and inside the hollow sphere; there is a clu ster of cells called the inner cell mass. The outer layer of cells will go on to form the placenta and other supporting tissues needed for fetal development in the uterus. The inner cell mass ...

Adventure Travel In India Market Study Tourism Essay

Adventure Travel In India Market Study Tourism Essay Adventure sports have seen a tremendous growth is the last six to seven years and the future looks very bright. The government is also doing its bit in order to promote adventure tourism in India. The Indian tourism industry has a lot of myriad players who want to latch on the opportunities that beckon in this field of the industry. But the industry and its players continue to be a house of disorder. This paper looks into the clear and present opportunity that lies ahead of the Indian Tourism Industry in the form of Adventure Travel, and analysis the various aspects that need to be kept in mind as the investors go out in search for the suitable customers to cash in on this multimillion dollar cheque. INTRODUCTION â€Å"A man cannot discover new oceans unless he has the courage to lose sight of the shore†, were the words of the famous French noble laureate Andre Gide and the increasing demand for the adventure sports indicates that people have entered the 21st century with ren ewed courage to find enjoyment in the thrills of the adventure filled outdoor activities. Thus, it can be seen like leisure tourism, adventure sports is becoming an integral determinant behind the tourism dynamics. As a subject for academic analysis, tourism can be said has reached a stage of relative maturity. A casual review of journals serving the subject area reveals a number that have been in existence for over 25 years (e.g., Tourism Management, Annals of Tourism Research), with the Journal of Travel Research publishing its 45th annual volume in 2007. Similarly, the range of journals reveals the diversity of issues considered (e.g., Tourism Geographies, Tourism Economics, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, and Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing). With the evident relative lack of research in the area of Adventure Sports Tourism, it would be sensible to turn to research in the area of promoting the various disciplines of adventure sports by integrating it with operations of t ourism management. This research will look into the increasing demand for the adventure sports, breaking with the cultural and geographical conformism of conventional holidays and trips, and will analyse the potential for it to tap effectively. OBJECTIVE Research in the field of sports tourism has burgeoned over the last decade. In a study conducted by a renowned publication, unsurprisingly, the most studied activity was major event sports tourism like Olympics, World Cups, etc.(40% of articles), with outdoor and adventure sports tourism (29%) and skiing and winter sports (15%) being the other two significant areas.1 This being a clear indication of the increasing demand for the adventure sports, the objective of this paper will be to study the feasibility of marketing, conducting and benefitting from such events specifically in India. This market study will broadly consist of two parts which will help the readers decide the readiness and the viability of the adventure sports market . Part-1 discusses the concepts and approaches that might inform an analysis of adventure sports in Indian market. And part-2 will conduct a critical evaluation and the determining factors of investing in this area of business.

Marketing 4050 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Marketing 4050 - Essay Example Marketing strategy aims for advertisers to maintain and increase customers for their product. The media on its part aim to be the advertisers and consumers favorite in covering the advert. The advert of alcohol promotion is essential and should be done regularly to keep consumers loyal. Many more consumers will prefer that drink to other liquor brands in the market. The ad quality influences the effectiveness it will have on the market (Ware, Baron and Edge). An ad structured in a persuasive, and credible manner will most certainly be more convincing to consumers. Ads have some consistent features that appeal to customers or discourage them. These include alcohol content percentage and drinking age limit. The alcohol content appeals to consumers according to their preference while the warning on age will limit those who are underage. The leading title article relates to the ad as it is on tax increase mostly on alcoholic drinks. This ad focuses on alcoholic consumers and those interested in the drink. It also targets at investors. The ad influences the reader to pledge its loyalty to it. There are many competitive ads competing both for space in the magazine and consumers. This is a smart investment because it does not only market the company’s product but also its image in

Do you agree with Eguchi That sex and death are related Essay

Do you agree with Eguchi That sex and death are related - Essay Example These young women stay asleep throughout the visit and while men can sleep next to her, they cannot sleep "with" her. The warden of the brothel warns Eguchi in the very beginning of the novel: "He was not to do anything in bad taste, the woman of the inn warned old Eguchi. He was not to put his finger in the mouth of the sleeping girl, or try anything else of the sort." (p. 13) The curiosity of the old men to see what actually happens in this house and the mystery of the sleeping girls opens many doors of discussion. It brings many questions to the mind and the reader is provoked to seek his own answers. How is sex connected with death here Why are sexually impotent men allowed in this house and why these men would want to sleep next to sleeping young girls Death is critical to the discussion because the entire novel revolves around it. The old man's age puts him closer to death, the sleeping girls resemble dead people and lack of noise and sound in the house also signifies death. I do not however agree with Eguchi that sex and death are related. There is a link between the two but that is in their sheer contrast and not any similarities. Sex is a completely opposite force. It injects life-force in people and makes them even more aware of their existence. The lack of sex in the place is thus closely connected with the onset of death. The quest begins with Eguchi's need for erotic gratification. He is sexually potent but needs to know more than having sex. He wants enlightenment and the experience forces him to confront who he really is. The youth and beauty of his companions at first excite him: "He caught his breath. She was more beautiful than he had expected. And she was young too. It was as if another heart beat its wings in old Eguchi's chest" (pp. 18-19). Eguchi feels young again and this is where we get an idea of why old men might choose to come to this place. Their main purpose was to drink from the well of youth that lies next to them. By looking at youth and its beauty, they feel a difference in themselves. However the reason Eguchi feels death is close to sex is because lack of later in this house makes old men even more aware of their old age and their death. When he looks at the girl, he wonders if she is alive because she looks dead. The silent and stagnant position of the girl forces him to think about how the girl had been turned into a living toy: " Though this girl lost in sleep had not put an end to the hours of her life, had she not lost them, had they sink into bottomless depths She was not a living doll for there could be no living doll; but so as not to shame an old man no longer a man, she had been made into a living toy. No, not a toy; for the old men she could be life itself." (p. 20) The girl represents much more to Eguchi at first. She is a symbol of life for him because of her youth and freshness. He carefully observes her body and features and realizes she was quite young: "She could be life itself." (p.20). His friend had also told him that he would "feel alive" sleeping next to such a woman. But Eguchi is still scared. There is fear in his soul as if something bad was about to happen. The fear becomes very real when near the end, the girl mysteriously dies. Eguchi informs the proprietress who gives a shocking. The whole crux of the story lies in that

Strategic plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Strategic plan - Essay Example It is in this regard that this essay is written to evaluate strategic planning at Cornell University in terms of The most important external environmental issues that Cornell University has to contend with are as follows: (1) the financial crisis, (2) political policies regarding government support; and (3) private donations. The global financial crisis would have a profound effect in the strategic plans of Cornell University in terms of its effect to the number of enrollees. As companies become affected by this crisis, employment is drastically altered with worst scenarios leading to unemployment. If parents get unemployed, the enrollment of children would definitely be affected. Also, private donation would potentially be lessened due to the financial crunch. Concurrently, political policies regarding government support would also be affected by the financial crisis. There could be possibilities of cut in government budget allocating funds for educational support. Cornell has an outstanding faculty and record of academic excellence that promote the best traditions of research and scholarship while engaging with the critical issues of the contemporary world (Cornell University 2009). â€Å"Student demand for entry to Cornell is high and continues to grow, as does the talent of our student body at the undergraduate, graduate, and professional levels. The universitys location and academic traditions have enabled the creation of exceptional intellectual community between and among faculty and students.† (ibid.) Due to the challenges identified in the environment, Cornell University has to address the following issues: â€Å"(1) As is true for other institutions of higher education, Cornell must seek new revenue sources to avoid unsustainable tuition increases and/or limits to student access and to faculty and student achievement; (2) Cornell competes for students, faculty, and staff with outstanding universities, some of

The Benefits of Single Parenting vs Two Parents Essay

The Benefits of Single Parenting vs Two Parents - Essay Example The parents tend to bring their ego in petty matters and argue with each other. This makes the environment in the family not only uncomfortable for the child but also for the parents. A single parent does not have to go through all this. He/she is independent in his/her decisions and there is no one to challenge them. â€Å"When I call out, "Bedtime," there's no one to say, "Aw, let them stay up another half hour."† (Mohler, 2011). Accordingly, the parent enjoys complete right over the child. Stronger Bond with the Child A child’s bond with a single parent is usually stronger than it usually is with either of the two parents when he/she has both. Single parents are often the role models for their children. Children grow up imitating the attitudes, activities and ideology of the single parent. â€Å"A single parent is also more readily available to observe changes in the child's behavior and attitudes, as well as getting to know the peer group the child chooses to surro und her/him† (Squidoo, 2011). Having both parents, children tend to be careless towards their parents. They know if the mother scolds, they can side with the father and when the father is outrageous, they can seek refuge in the mother’s lap. But having a single parent means no escape whatever the parent says or does. There is nobody the child can look up to for any kind of help but the single parent. Over the time, such a bonding between the single parent and the child proves very beneficial for the parent. Many children escort their old parents to the old houses when they grow up and get married themselves. Children think that the couple would take care of each other’s needs. But a child would think a thousand times before doing this to a single parent considering he/she has been the child’s only guardian all life long and must be taken special care of now that he/she is old. The life-long struggle of the single parent pays off in the end in a vast majori ty of the cases while the opposite is true for the dual parents. Development of Solid Child Identity Single parenting develops a solid identity in the child. Single parent is like an open book. The child reads the book and does accordingly. Children who grow up under the supervision of dual parents have the tendency to become confused because of the conflicting views, beliefs and opinions of the two parents. Let’s take a case for example in which the two parents belong to different religions. The father is a Christian and the mother is a Hindu. The father goes to the Church while the mother goes to the Temple. The father eats beef burgers while the mother worships the cow. The father does not worship the idols while the mother does. All of this is very confusing for the child. Parents are supposedly the role models for the children. When the two role models display different and often conflicting characteristics, the child becomes confused and is not able to work out which of the two is correct and which is not. Such marriages have frequently inculcated such a culture in the home, wherein the child starts believing in both the religions. The mixture of the two religions gives rise to a third religion that has extremely subjective foundations and whose beliefs and perceptions are entirely challengeable. The child having multiple beliefs himself is very confused. On one occasion, he worships the cow and on another, he eats it. This

Conflict between the Management and the Employees of Riverside Hotel Case Study - 7

Conflict between the Management and the Employees of Riverside Hotel - Case Study Example However, on off-peak days if the hotel receives only 20 guests, the employees will not be performing work on the value level required. This means that the fixed cost incurred through paying wages is a loss for the hotel. The reduced meal cost for the employees also reduces the profit margin. As such, an opportunity cost presents itself in the form of making the cost of wages variable. This means using the size of the reservation to determine the number of customers who will available and create a roster that will see a rotation of extra employees staying at home on days with low volumes of business. Â  The source of conflict between the management and the employees of Riverside Hotel is the costs the employees incur as a result of their taking dinner at the hotel on the late shift (Jiambalvo Case study 1). The hotel’s labor agreements allow the employees to have free meals during their shifts, provided the meal did not exceed $12. This means that any cost in addition to the $12 would be deducted from their wages. The conflict arose when those taking the late shift found that they had been deducted $10 from their wages for every meal. This meant that the meal cost $22 (Jiambalvo Case study 1). To the employees, the management is just ripping them off because they know the price of the supplies and according to them it should not cost them such a figure for one meal. For example, a prime rib dinner includes supplies of a $7 piece of meat and a $1 salad. This adds up to $8 hence the basis for the employee arguments that the meal should not cost even $12. Â  However, the argument of the employees is both right and wrong. It is right because charging them $22 for a meal that they have helped to put together from $8 supplies does not augur well with any business management practice.

Televisions Grip on the Mind of America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Televisions Grip on the Mind of America - Essay Example Neil Postman rightly identifies the iron grip that the television has on minds throughout American society. Perhaps the fundamental reason for television's power is the way in which it has given "an exquisite and dangerous perfection" to the "epistemological biases of the telegraph and instancy." The telegraph brought bits of information directly to the consumer, without giving that information any sort of context, any sort of reason why that information was significant. The significance was in the novelty, or in the entertainment value. The instancy of the photograph relieves the mind of having to imagine, or even having to pay a lot of attention. An idea can be summarized, remembered, ingrained in the form of a picture. Combining the two, making a slogan with a picture, simultaneously places an idea an image in the mind. This increases the power of the idea, and gives a visual source of memory associated with that idea for the mind to clutch tightly. Another characteristic of television concomitant to this simultaneity of thought and vision is the power of speed. The telegraph took the "line-by-line, sequential, continuous form of the printed page" and reduced it to a "world of fragments and discontinuities." The photograph takes a reality that can present ideas to the mind and reduces them down to particular examples.

Conflict between the Management and the Employees of Riverside Hotel Case Study - 7

Conflict between the Management and the Employees of Riverside Hotel - Case Study Example However, on off-peak days if the hotel receives only 20 guests, the employees will not be performing work on the value level required. This means that the fixed cost incurred through paying wages is a loss for the hotel. The reduced meal cost for the employees also reduces the profit margin. As such, an opportunity cost presents itself in the form of making the cost of wages variable. This means using the size of the reservation to determine the number of customers who will available and create a roster that will see a rotation of extra employees staying at home on days with low volumes of business. Â  The source of conflict between the management and the employees of Riverside Hotel is the costs the employees incur as a result of their taking dinner at the hotel on the late shift (Jiambalvo Case study 1). The hotel’s labor agreements allow the employees to have free meals during their shifts, provided the meal did not exceed $12. This means that any cost in addition to the $12 would be deducted from their wages. The conflict arose when those taking the late shift found that they had been deducted $10 from their wages for every meal. This meant that the meal cost $22 (Jiambalvo Case study 1). To the employees, the management is just ripping them off because they know the price of the supplies and according to them it should not cost them such a figure for one meal. For example, a prime rib dinner includes supplies of a $7 piece of meat and a $1 salad. This adds up to $8 hence the basis for the employee arguments that the meal should not cost even $12. Â  However, the argument of the employees is both right and wrong. It is right because charging them $22 for a meal that they have helped to put together from $8 supplies does not augur well with any business management practice.

Psy 104 Final Paper Essay Example for Free

Psy 104 Final Paper Essay Classical conditioning is a developmental theory introduced by a man by the name of Ivan Pavlov. Ivan Pavlov was born on the 26th of September in 1849 in a town called Ryazan in the country of Russia. Ivan Pavlov’s father was a priest and Ivan was the oldest out of 11 children. When Ivan was seven years old he had an accident where he fell from a balcony onto his head. Because of the injuries he sustained from the fall Ivan had a hard time with academics and was kept out of school till he was eleven years old. Ivan Pavlov went to college at St. Petersburg University and was originally going to school for science but since he was bad at math he decided to go for physical science. He ended his schooling in the Academy of Medicine. Before Ivan Pavlov went on to develop his theory of classical conditioning â€Å"In 1904 he was awarded the Nobel Prize for his researches into the neural mechanism by which the secretion of gastric juices was stimulated. † (Harre, 2006) Classical Conditioning is a process of behavior modification by which a subject comes to respond in a desired manner to a previously neutral stimulus that has been repeatedly presented long with an unconditioned stimulus that elicits the desired response. Ivan Pavlov liked to test his theories out on animals mainly dogs. An explanation of his studies with dogs is â€Å"In this type of learning, a neutral stimulus is paired with a stimulus that naturally elicits a response. For instance, a lab coat would not ordinarily bring any response—it is a neutra l stimulus; food naturally elicits a salivary response. When the lab coat is paired with the food repeatedly and learning is complete, the lab coat is no longer neutral. The dog has learned to associate the lab coat with food, even when no food is present. The former neutral stimulus (lab coat) now elicits the response (salivation) even in the absence of the original stimulus (food)† (Mossler, 2011) Another example of classical conditioning is â€Å"John B. Watson and his assistant, Rosalie Raynor, invented a different version. They quickly taught an infant named Little Albert to fear a white rat by banging a loud gong just behind the tot whenever the rat appeared. After just seven gongs, Little Albert was scared to death of the same rat he had played with before the training began. His fear was so great that it generalized to other furry objects, including a Santa Claus mask. (Johnston, 1999) The Second developmental theory I will be discussing is Jean Piaget’s cognitive theory. Jean Piaget was born on the 9th of August in 1896 in Switzerland. His father was a professor of medieval literature at the University of Neuchatel. Jean Piaget was originally interested in zoology and by the age of 15 he had written several artic les on mollusks. Jean Piaget went to the same university that his father taught which was the University of Neuchatel and he also studied at the University of Zurich for a small amount of time. Jean Piaget changed his interest of oology. â€Å"Piaget’s interests turned to child cognitive development while working to standardize tests for schoolchildren. At this time, he witnessed a pattern among children’s correct and incorrect answers, leading him to develop a theory of the stages of understanding through which a child’s cognition passes. He quickly established a clinical method of study, involving not only observation but also verbal interaction with the child subjects of his research. Piaget’s writings on the subject attracted much attention initially and then fell into obscurity for many years. Upon publishing detailed analyses of his work involving his three children, his work once again received wide recognition in the field† (Edinburgh University Press, 2005) Jean Piaget’s theory was his idea that children learned through stages which each one was crucial into leading the child into the next stage of development. Jean Piaget’s theory was broken down into four stages. Those stages are sensorimotor stage, preoperational stage, concrete operations, and formal operations. Each stage is very important to the development of a child and I will explain each one. The sensorimotor stage is the first stage of Jean Piaget’s theory in which† infants gain cognitive understanding primarily through their senses and movements, which are coordinated through reflexes. † (Mossler, 2011) The second stage of Jean Piaget’s theory is the preoperational stage which lasts from ages two to seven. This is the stage where children begin to acknowledge the world through mental structures and symbols. Children learn to play make believe and learn to speak whatever language they are being taught by their parents. They use inadequate logic because at this time they can only view things with one perspective. The third stage of Jean Piaget’s theory is called concrete operations which lasts between the ages of seven and twelve. This is the stage where a child’s thought is guided by logic and they have learned to view things from multiple perspectives. The fourth and final stage is called formal operations. This stage lasts through adulthood and is the stage where children begin to learn complex forms of thought such as being able to hypothesize, think of complicated plans, and accurately predict outcomes. An example of Jean Piaget’s theory is â€Å"in order to understand behavior and outcomes, an infant may experiment by throwing food. The infant gets to understand how the explosion of food behaves as well as the potential explosion by parents. Because adolescents have more sophisticated cognition, they can understand the consequences of throwing food—both what it might look like and the reaction of others—without actually experimenting with the behavior. † (Mossler, 2011) The third and final developmental theory I will be discussing is Albert Bandura’s social-cognitive theory. Albert Bandura was born on the 4th of December in 1925 in Mundare, Alberta, Canada. Albert Bandura went to college at the University of British Columbia where he got into psychology by accident because he had no classes in the morning so he decided to take a psychology class. He got his B. A in psychology. Albert Bandura then went to get his M. A at the University of Iowa Social Cognitive theory is a theory that states that portions of an individuals knowledge acquisition can be directly related to observing others within the context of social interactions, experiences, and outside media influences. What I am trying to say is, people do not learn new behaviors solely by trying them and either succeeding or failing, but rather, the survival of humanity is dependent upon the ability of people imitating and replicating the actions of others. Depending on whether people are rewarded or punished for their behavior and the outcome of the behavior, that behavior may be imitated. An example of Albert Banduras social cognitive theory is â€Å"study influences on aggressive behavior in children, during which children were shown to imitate, without prompting or incentive, aggressive adult behavior towards a large blow-up doll (Bandura et al. 961). This raised fears that have never been resolved that children might mimic aggressive or violent behavior seen on television. † (Walker, 2007) Another example is â€Å"In his classic study using children who watched adult models punch Bobo dolls, Bandura demonstrated that humans could learn simply by observation. That is, he showed that re inforcement was not always a factor in eliciting behavior. Instead, we know that children also learn by modeling (or imitating) the behavior of others. Imitation partly explains how babies learn to smile, children learn to do cannonballs in a pool, or adults learn to behave in a new environment without being reinforced. † (Mossler, 2011) The difference between classic conditioning and the social cognitive theory is that instead of using associations, reinforcement, and punishment to make someone do something or not do something the social-cognitive theory is teaching people to do things through observation and imitation. The difference between Jean Piaget’s theory and the others that I have wrote about are the fact that he believes that things we be learned without being shown that they will eventually acquire the skills through stages. Another difference between classical conditioning and the social cognitive theory is the need for social interaction with other people. Classical conditioning does not require one human interacting or observing but the social cognitive theory requires it. There are not many similarities between classical conditioning, cognitive theory and, the social cognitive theory. The only similarity I could find is that they are all learning based. In conclusion classical conditioning, social cognitive theory and, cognitive theory are some of the most common developmental theories. Though they may not be that similar a lot of the developmental theories are sometimes ideas that branch off from other theories. I am sure fifty years from now there will be knew theories that come out that can better explain the development of humans physically, mentally and, emotionally. I say that because the social environment changes all the time with new trends and fads and acceptance of things that were once taboo. Reference Mosser, K (2011), Child and adolescent development. Bridgepoint Education, Inc BANDURAS THEORY. (2006). In Elseviers Dictionary of Psychological Theories. Retrieved from http://www. credoreference. com. proxy-library. ashford. edu/entry/estpsyctheory/bandura_s_theory JEAN PIAGET. (2005). In Key Thinkers in Linguistics and the Philosophy of Language. Retrieved from http://www. credoreference. com. proxy-library. ashford. edu/entry/edinburghthinkl/jean_piaget Walker, J, (2007) Psychology for Nurses and the Caring Professions (3rd Edition) Retrieved from

Rules Of The Game English Literature Essay

Rules Of The Game English Literature Essay The main topic in this short story is the communicational barriers between mothers and daughters of different nationalities. All stories that make up the novel are related to this idea of not being able to communicate. First of all, it is hard enough to communicate with ones parents because of the generational gap, but for Waverly it is even more difficult to communicate with her mother because they have been raised in different countries, in different cultures. First of all, at the beginning of the novel there is a little introduction that covers all the themes that the novel deals with. It is the story of a woman who left China accompanied by a swan with dreams and hopes for a better life and when she finally arrived to the United States of America, she was deprived of the swan and was left with a single feather. The woman now whishes she could give her daughter that feather and teach her her meaning. I think that this introduction is the summary of the whole novel, and a good way to understand Rules of the Game. Here we can see that the introduction to the novel raises the issue of the linguistic and cultural barrier that exists between each immigrant mother and her American-born daughter. In this story, the daughter does not realize how lucky she is because she does not know her mothers story. It is impossible for the daughter to understand her mother because she does not know her past. Moreover, the mother actually wants to teach her daughter about her past so that she can learn from it, but her wish is not granted because even though she wants to do it, she is reluctant to do so because she is afraid that her daughter might not understand her or might think that everything she says is nonsense. At the same time that she fears that her daughter will not care about it, she is also fearful that she will not leave a mark in the world. And as we see in the story Rules of the Game, this also happens with the mother in Rules of the Game, Lindo, and her daughter, Waverly. Lindo wishes to teach Waverly everything she knows. Moreover, Lindo wants her daughter to have everything that she didnt have growing up in China. That is the reason why she teaches her daughter the art of invisible strength which is actually self-control. Lindo learns this lesson, and the importance of self-control in a very hard way, as we can see in her tale in The Joy Luck Club, and she gives Waverly all her knowledge even though, by teaching her, she is actually giving her the power to defeat her. Lindo teaches Waverly how to keep things to herself and use them when she needs them. And as we can see, Waverly actually uses this to her advantage throughout the story, to get her mother to let her compete and also to win chess games. The power that Waverly thinks the art of invisible strength has is very well depicted in this quote: I learned why it is essential in the endgame to have a foresight, a mathematical understanding of all possible moves, and patience; all weaknesses and advantages become evident to a strong adversary and are obscured to a tiring opponent I discovered that for the whole game one must gather invisible strengths and see the endgame before the game begins. I also found out why I should never reveal why to others. A little knowledge withheld is a great advantage one should store for future use. That is the power of chess. It is a game of secrets in which one must show and never tell. However, the main problem is that Waverly thinks that her intelligence is everything that she needs to be good at chess. It will be later on in her life that she learns that invisible strength was a very big part in her winning those games. When Waverly is little she has no concern for Chinese culture and she thinks that everything that comes from China is not useful in America. However, even if she does not realize that she is learning from her mother she actually is, and moreover, her mothers teachings have a big impact in her life. On the other hand, there is also a different theme in this story, which is the need of American-born children to separate themselves from the Chinese culture that their parents represent and to have a more separate American identity. The cultural differences make Waverly misunderstand her mothers pride in her achievements as pride in herself. But most importantly she wants chess to be a part of her own identity, separate from that of her mother and therefore, separate from Chinese culture. This is easily seen in her infuriating when her mother tries to advice her on how to play chess even though she apparently does not know anything about chess: Next time win more, lose less. Ma, its not how many pieces you lose, I said. Sometimes you need to lose pieces to get ahead. Better to lose less, see if you really need. Nevertheless, in the end, Waverly is able to win all those games, not only because of her aptitude but also because of her mothers teaching of invisible strength. As we can see in the following quotation, Waverly uses the wind as a metaphor for this invisible strength: Blow from the South, it murmured. The wind leaves no trail. I saw a clear path, the traps to avoid. The crowd rustled. Shh! Shh! said the corners of the room. The wind blew stronger. Throw sand from the East to distract him. The knight came forward ready for the sacrifice. The wind hissed, louder and louder. Blow, blow, blow. He cannot see. He is blind now. Make him lean lean away from the wind so he is easier to knock down. She, as it has already been said, thinks of the invisible strength as the wind, thus aligning herself with the same element her mother had identified with when facing her arranged marriage in China as we can see in the story Red Candle. So it is actually because of her mothers Chinese culture that she gets to be a chess champion. Furthermore, the way Waverly uses this metaphor is very similar to what we think of as Chinese imagery. Lindo is not the only source of Chiniseness that Waverly is exposed to, but also Lao Pao uses a lot of Chinese imagery when he is teaching Waverly to play chess. Another example of the fact that Waverly sees her mother, who represents Chinese culture, as something to reject and fight is that she depicts her mother as an actual opponent. The struggle for control between Waverly and her mother is symbolized in the dreamlike chess game at the end of Rules of the Game. Waverlys opponent in this game is two angry black slits. When Waverly confronts her mother during their shopping expedition, Lindos eyes turn into dangerous black slits. In the final line of the story, Waverly thinks, I closed my eyes and pondered my next move. Waverly does this in an attempt to break from the Chinese culture and trying to achieve an identity of her own, separate from that of her family, and, especially, her mother. Aside from the issue of linguistic and cultural barriers, and the need for a separate identity for the second generation, another important theme that this story deals with is storytelling. In the introduction of the novel, Tan uses a very short story in which we find the little tale that we mentioned before and which we may even consider it as a fairy tale. This brief introduction to the novel, like the feather that the introductions main character owns, symbolizes the importance of knowing the past to learn from it, and the only way to do it is by telling past experiences so that other people might learn from them. By stating this, all significance is given to storytelling. Additionally, storytelling acquires even more relevance for the children of Chinese immigrants, who are neither fully Chinese nor American and seek their identity in those stories. The oral tradition of the Chinese culture is like Russian matriuska dolls or a spiral case, as there is always a story embedded on another which is told from one person to another and thus there is no end to it. In this case, the introduction is a story in itself about a woman who is immigrating to America; this story has a fairy tale inside: the story of the duck stretching its neck to become a goose and instead became a swan. The mothers in the novel, by telling tales are ensuring that their story, the people in it, and their culture will not die with them, all those things will pass onto following generations, starting with their daughters. They also achieve the goal of making their daughters feel like they belong somewhere. When Lindo tells Waverly stories she is ensuring that she will be remembered by her daughter, and that she will pass on to her all her knowledge. Aside from this we should also make clear that circularity is a main characteristic of storytelling and also of this short story too. At the beginning of the short story, Lindo tells Waverly that strongest wind cannot be seen, and at the end of the short story we get the same sentence strongest wind cannot be seen even though this time it is Waverly who imagines her mother saying this. Therefore we can see how circularity and storytelling shape this short story. It is important to add that various narrators throughout the novel dwell on the idea of not being able to translate ideas, feelings, or cultural concepts from one language to the other. Mothers and daughters do not share the same language and therefore communication becomes only possible with the translation of Chinese into English, or vice versa. Thus the whole meaning that they want to pass onto the other person is lost in translation, their intentions might be misinterpreted. The mothers in this novel choose storytelling as their way of communicating due to the fact that neither the daughters speak much Chinese nor the mothers much English; there is an evident language barrier that they overcome by telling stories that they can all understand and from where they can simply get the moral. For example, Waverly remembers that her mother told her the story of a careless girl who ran into a crowded street and was crushed by a cab. So, as we can see storytelling in this case is being us ed as a cautionary tale. Moreover, Lindo does not explain explicitly the importance of self-control, but she actually uses a metaphor, the wind, to teach Waverly about this. And we can also see that because of the lack of communication, Waverly misinterprets her mother, and thinks she is giving herself credit for her daughters achievements. In conclusion,

American Oil Dependence Essay -- Economy Economics Oil Essays

American Oil Dependence Since the oil embargo of 1977, there has been an increased awareness of our nation's energy security. As global population and energy consumption rise, the need for a stable energy supply has become a hot topic and a politically volatile issue. As our negative trade balance grows larger by the day, the United States finds itself in a rather precarious position. We are becoming more and more dependent on Middle East oil. Indeed, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) predicts that domestic petroleum consumption will increase to 60 Btu by the year 2025. This statistic, in and of itself, is a matter of concern with respect to the greenhouse gas emissions that result from petroleum combustion. However, perhaps more disconcerting is the fact that U.S. oil production peaked in 1970 and has continued to fall since then (Campbell et. al., 1998). Therefore, the American public has turned to foreign oil, in particular Middle Eastern oil, to supplement its increase in demand. In an age where terrorism is at the forefront of people's minds, we still continue to import oil from the same nations that supposedly harbor so-called terrorist groups. The fact is that we are unwilling to responsibly face our energy future and instead choose to maintain a policy of increasing oil supply through importation. One of the main problems with this strategy is that it is a short-term remedy. Studies conducted by M. King Hubbert in 1956 predicted the rise, peak, and subsequent decline of global oil production. He predicted that global oil production would rise until around 2002 and then start declining (Campbell et. al., 1998). If one takes the oil embargo of 1977 into account, effectively decreasing the rate... ...to a fuel that, upon exhaustion, will mark our retreat from the global economic spotlight. Works Cited: Campbell, Colin J., Laherrere, Jean H. "The End Of Cheap Oil." Scientific American Mar. 1998: 78-83. Flo, Gary. "Lecture on Fossil Fuel Consumption." 8 Sep. 2003 N.A. "Environmental Advocates Statistics In Hand." 2003: www.geocities.com/Rainforest/Canopy/2743 Assoc. Press. "U.S. Auto Sales Hit 2003 High In July." USA Today 1 Aug. 2003: www.usatoday.com/money/autos/2003-07-31-autosales_x.htm Mills, Mark. "25 Years After OPEC's Embargo." Environmental News Jan. 1999: www.heartland.org N.A. "www.skyaid.org." 2003: www.skyaid.org/skycar/us_auto_statistics.htm Staff Writer. "Bureau of Land Management Maximizing Energy Development, Minimizing Environmental Protection." NRDC 7 Aug. 2003: www.nrdc.org/bushrecord/airenergy_publiclands.asp#1383

Artificial Intelligence Essay -- Technology, Computers

Of all the technological developments of the modern age, none is as complex as artificial intelligence. The idea that a non-human, manufactured entity could advance to a point of emulating human behavior is enough to make people shiver. The idea of something so advanced that we will not be able to tell the difference may be even worse. In 1961 Philip Dick wrote Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?. It portrayed a world with these exact characteristics. Artificial Intelligence had advanced to a point of near-perfect human replication. In creating this world, Dick was echoing the speculations and fears of a.i. that had build up by that time. It would then continue to influence those opinions in the years after. It is necessary to look at the development of artificial intelligence in order to put this idea into context. The concept of intelligent and aware constructs began to emerge in the 1950s and 60s as several scientists in many fields came together to discuss the possibilities of advanced computer research. The first major step was a scientific conference at Dartmouth College in 1956. Here, the general concepts and possible paths of research for a.i. were fleshed out. As described in Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach, this conference was â€Å"the birth of artificial intelligence.† This was mostly a theoretical stage yet attending experts predicted that with a huge investment, working technology could be available in a generation (16). After being officially established, a.i. research and discovery exploded. Computer programs, a brand new idea, were already conquering algebra problems and speech recognition. Some could even reproduce English (18). It was clear that arti ficial intelligence research was going to be at the fo... .... Each stage of development increases our reliance and this in turn promotes advancement. Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep described a dark world where artificial intelligences and humanity came into a form of conflict. Its predictions and ramifications are not easily dismissed and hold true even today. We are already seeing a.i. surpass humans in some fields. IBM's WATSON has passed humanity in terms of intellect. It will be some time before it is self-aware of that fact, but it is a milestone nonetheless. We also have artificial â€Å"slaves† in some small sense of the word. Machines to much of the heavy labor previously done by man. Massive assembly plants now only employ a few technicians to watch overt the computers. While a far cry away from slavery, the process has begun. We are addicted too we usefulness of machines and the addiction is impossible to cure.

Play and Game Essay

According to Merriam Webster â€Å"a hobby is a pursuit outside one’s regular occupation engaged in especially for relaxation†. Most of us have hobby because having a specific interest on something facilitates a balance between our physical and mental state. They can be either physical activities or mental activities. For me, cricket is my hobby because it has become part of my life. I often engage in playing both at the club level and for recreation. Cricket is a team sport for two teams of eleven players each. The objective of each team is to score more runs than the other team and to completely dismiss the other team. I enjoy this game because it’s fun and exciting, it has enabled me to adopt the teambuilding skills in my everyday life and it gives me an opportunity to be a role model to younger cricketers. The game of cricket evokes many emotions, mostly because of the fun and excitement involved. Cricket is played at a professional level all over the world. I regularly go the various ovals to follow my favourite team, and avidly watch the game on television. The sheer pleasure of winning a game and exhilaration of conquering this game of high and difficult technique brings nothing but delight to me. During a match we not only have to contend with the rules of the game, but also have to contend with different playing conditions that can have a dramatic affect on the game. The nail biting ending where your team mates are depending on you to score the winning runs of a game all contribute to this game being truly gratifying to me. In the end we all know how fun it is to smash the ball down the ground or to rip off the middle stump of the batsman. Another reason I enjoy playing cricket is for the teambuilding aspect. I learnt teambuilding, discipline as well as teamwork through playing cricket. The game is very challenging in some regard and it required teamwork to win a game. When playing cricket, one has to be cognizant of what your teammates are doing because each player is dependent on each other. Thus good communication skills are mandatory. This sport also filters into my everyday life as it translates into how I address work related issues as well. It has allowed me to have self regulating strategies, identify and utilize strengths of co-workers in completing projects and practice effective collaboration with team members. True role models and mentors are those who possess the qualities that we would like to have and those who have affected us in a way that makes us want to be better people. I believe through this game I can impact on younger minds and facilitate me being a mentor and role model. Recently I was been privileged to be the coach and mentor of a cricket camp. The positive influences I was able to instill to this young group will definitely redound to their benefit. To be able to promote the vitality and passion of this game and impart what role sport can play in our life was very rewarding to me. It was an invaluable avenue for me to develop as a coach, to share my knowledge and skills and be able to mold younger minds. In summary, cricket is my favourite hobby as there is no end to the element of surprise the game gives and benefits I gain from playing. As far as I can remember cricket has always been my favourite past time and part of my life. The pleasure of watching and playing is truly amazing. It’s a hot topic in many social circles because of the thrills and anticipation of the game. Likewise one also benefits from playing as it promotes and facilitates teambuilding. The camaraderie it fosters between team members is additionally rewarding. What is truly gratifying however, it allows me to be a role model and mentor to others as it allows me to convey what role cricket plays in my life and share my knowledge. In a few words, it has contributed to me physically and mentally as it helps me relax, keep fit and relieve stress. Bibliography James, C. L. R. (1963). Beyond a Boundary. London: Stanley Paul/Hutchinson Merriam Webster (n. d. ) Hobby Retrieved October 20th, 2011 from http://www. merriam-webster. com/dictionary/hobby.

US Space Program and Exploration

NASA initiatives are critical to finding solutions to environmental issues. Personally I think that adequate usage of space science will allow astrophysicists to explore the universe and promote conclusive research. Such studies will not only answer pertinent societal issues but will also lead to the advancement of the society. I believe that Space exploration is an Invaluable tool to the development of nature. On a personal point of view, space exploration adequate funding will assist in the advancing of cultures and societies. It is an issue that leads to individuals increasing heir Intent In the field of sciences and other fields.Despite the Issue having disputes, space exploration continues to receive substantial support from politicians and other individuals in the community. The world of today indicates that development In the field of science and technology will Improve the livelihood of societies. America is reducing its spending to NASA, which has the endorsement of overseei ng most of the exploration initiatives. This is not appropriate given that other countries are continuing Investigation and success will have the Intention of bettering the livelihood of their citizens.I think space is currently at a critical level and the United States should strengthen its research initiatives. Space exploration has been leading studies of other planets and their behaviors. There is a statement that usually illicit mixed reaction in the community. There are individuals that state that it is essential to resolve issues of earth before the examination of other planets. There are different politicians that induce similar sentiments during their campaigns and political rallies. In 2006, news anchor Katie Court in commemoration of Sputnik. Said that NASA request for $17 billion was unbelievable.According to her, this amount of money could find application In a myriad of activities right here on earth. Analyzing the situation she failed to realize that space exploration will protect the world from potential threats. I have a belief that studying the universe will provide solutions to potential pandemics facing earth. Such pandemics include climate change and solar flares. The current problem of space exploration is misunderstanding. Many individuals consider It as an extravagant way of spending American citizen tax money. Politicians recommend that funding to NASA should stop.They propose that the government does transfer such funds towards societal projects such as health promotion. Before toys basis. My assessment is that the current problems stem from the fact that, during that period, development of airplanes for space exploration was for status. Nowadays, the reason leading to space exploration is to understand various phenomena occurring in the outer space and affecting the earth. Such explorations will assist in to an understanding of such aspects and develop relevant precautionary measures. In addition, it is possible to conduct exploratio n of Mars for the possibility f supporting human life.Another problem that I foresee hindering the development of space exploration is reports by media houses. Many people do not oppose to space exploration, but it is due to their lack of adequate information. Media only reports once things go wrong with organizations supporting exploration of the outer space. The impression that people acquire from media is that there is no benefit culminating from space exploration but extravagant usage of taxpayers' money. Once individuals generate a perception concerning a something it is difficult to convince such people otherwise.It is difficult to pass the information that space exploration diverts resources of United States to initiatives that aim at solving earth problems. It is crucial for people to have the information that solutions to the current earth problems are in space so that they change their belief about space exploration. I think that solutions to these societal issues would re quire ensuring that citizens have adequate information that will allow them to make credible decisions. Many people believe that the government should divert NASA funding to societal programs.Looking at the 2007 budget directing NASA funding into social funding would mean increasing the later to $ 1. 597 trillion from $ 1. 581. I think it would be naive to think that a 0. 6% increment would have any significant impacts on society. On the other hand, cutting social spending by 1% would increase NASA spending by double. This would increase explorations in space that would provide solutions to a number of problems currently facing the world. Information acquisition can assist citizens to understand that exploring the outer space is not a waste of tax payer's money.In addition, space program leads to the improvement of the society by providing amicable solutions. Politicians should also support the program if it will survive. Many politicians choose not to take part in the debate about exploration of the outer space. Interestingly, politicians continue to downplay the role of space exploration by indicating that it is worthless. Solving the current societal belief that US space program is not essential, space exploration require adequate support from politicians. Advocate of the program should also quit playing defensive and instead embrace their importance.They should insist on the government that the space program require extra funding by having significant scientific research and conclusions. If space programs focus on solving societal problems, there will be a shift from many people dismissing the program to supporting it. Studying the outer space and basing their research on issues that will lead to solving issues is the solution. Studies should include activities such as reducing the effects of solar flares on communication or climate change will lead to its support. Space programs and explorations are indispensable to the society of today. It has and observ e all planets.This is through providing societies with adequate information regarding the outer space. In an example, research concerning Venus indicates that there is an alarming greenhouse effect. Currently, the world is grappling with the reality of deteriorating climate on earth. Studying the events leading to the current green house effects in Venus can assist in solving that problem. It would mean saving generations that would otherwise suffer if there is a lack of required information. If other countries explore and find such solutions it will mean that they will solve the problems of their country, which will advance such economies technologically.Observations made on planet mars indicate that it lacks water. There is no single river in Mars, which means that there were occurrences that lead to the disappearance of water in this planet. Governments would suffer embarrassment in the event of extinction of the world due to lack of proper exploration measures. US space programs are vital to societies of the earth if it will lead to the realization of solutions to problems affecting the world. It is a vital societal issue that require cautionary approach. On a personal point of view, United State government should increase funding of space programs.Failure to support this program will lead to its demise. Essential research will halt as a consequence of Space program failure. United States citizens will miss a pertinent opportunity to find solutions to their problems. I observe that space exploration program is crucial to the world of today. Discussions contained herein indicate that it lacks adequate information that leads to individuals' hostility against the program. Many have a belief that it is wastage of taxpayers' money. Research indicates that it is possible to solve certain societal issues using such programs.It is search realization that led countries such as India, Russia, and China to advance their technologies in this field. Observations of Ven us could result to solutions to green house effects and the climate change. Successful research of Mars could provide adequate information regarding its lack of water, which could be a future problem to earth. Such solutions are societal and would lead to the development of the society and communities of United States and the world at large. It is in accordance with this I believe that United States government should increase its spending on space exploration programs.